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context: major body systems
muscular system
makes movement possible
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context: major body systems
skeletal system
provides protection, form, and shape for the body; stores minerals and forms some blood cells
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context: major body systems
cardiovascular system
delivers oxygen, nutrients, and vital substances throughout the body; transports cellular waste products to the lungs and kidneys for excretion
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context: major body systems
lymphatic system
helps maintain the internal fluid environment; produces some types of blood cells; regulates immunity
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context: major body systems
respiratory system
brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide and some water waste
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context: major body systems
digestive system
provides the body with water, nutrients, and mineral; removes solid wastes
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context: major body systems
urinary system
filters blood to remove wastes of cellular metabolism; maintains the electrolyte and fluid balance
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context: major body systems
reproductive system
facilitates procreation (producing offspring)
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context: major body systems
integumentary system
provides external covering for protection; regulates the body temperature and water content
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context: major body systems
nervous system
coordinates the reception of stimuli; transmits messages to stimulate movement
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context: major body systems
endocrine system
secretes hormones and helps regulate body activities
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context: directional terms
anter/o
- anterior
- nearer to or toward the front; ventral
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context: directional terms
poster/o
- posterior
- nearer to or toward the back; dorsal; situated behind
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context: directional terms
ventr/o
- ventral
- belly side; same as anterior surface in human beings
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context: directional terms
dors/o
- dorsal
- directed toward or situated on the back side; same as posterior surface in human beings
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context: directional terms
medi/o
- medial, median
- middle or nearer the middle; the prefix mid- also means middle
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context: directional terms
later/o
- lateral
- toward the side; denoting a position farther from the midline of the body or from a structure
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context: directional terms
super/o
- superior
- uppermost or above
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context: directional terms
infer/o
- inferior
- lowermost or below
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context: directional terms
proxim/o
- proximal
- nearer the origin or point of attachment
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context: directional terms
dist/o
- distal
- far or distant from the origin or point of attachment
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context: directional terms
cephal/o
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context: directional terms
caud/o
- caudad
- toward the tail or in an inferior direction in human beings
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context: body regions or structures
abdomin/o
abdomen
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context: body regions or structures
acr/o
extremities (arms and legs)
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context: body regions or structures
blephar/o
eyelid
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context: body regions or structures
cyst/o
cyst, bladder, sac
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context: body regions or structures
dactyl/o
digit (toes, fingers, or both)
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context: body regions or structures
lapar/o
abdominal wall
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context: body regions or structures
omphal/o
umbilicus (navel)
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context: body regions or structures
onych/o
nail
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context: body regions or structures
pelv/i
pelvis
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context: body regions or structures
periton/o
peritoneum
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context: body regions or structures
som/a, somat/o
body
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context: body regions or structures
thorac/o
chest (thorax)
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context: body fluids
crin/o, -crine
secrete
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context: body fluids
dacry/o, lacrim/o
tear, tearing, crying
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context: body fluids
-emia
condition of the blood
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context: body fluids
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
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context: body fluids
hidr/o
sweat or perspiration
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context: body fluids
hydr/o
water
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context: body fluids
lymph/o
lymph (sometimes refers to the lymphatics)
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context: body fluids
muc/o
mucus
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context: body fluids
-poiesis
production
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context: body fluids
-poietin
substance that causes production
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context: body fluids
py/o
pus
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context: body fluids
sial/o
saliva (sometimes refers to salivary glands)
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context: body fluids
ur/o
urine (sometimes refers to the urinary tract)
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Opposites!
anter/o
poster/o
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Opposites!
ventr/o
dors/o
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Opposites!
proxim/o
dist/o, tel/e
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Opposites!
medial
lateral
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anaplasia
a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversal to a more primitive form, characteristic of malignancy
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aplasia
the lack of development of an organ or tissue
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dysplasia
abnormal development of tissues or organs
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hypoplasia
less severe than aplasia
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hyperplasia
an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in tissue
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hypertrophy
an increase in the size of an organ cause by an increase in the size of the cells rather than the number of cells
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