Dysmetria (past pointing)--overshooting the goal when reaching toward of an object
Dysdiadochokinesia--inability to perform alternating movement regularly and rapidly (example: patient asked to pronate and supinate rapidly and the movements are jerky and slow and incomplete on the side of the lesion)
Intention tremor--tremor occurs when fine movements are attempted
Cerebellar disorders
What are the two types of basal ganglia disorders?
Hyperkinetic disorders--excessive and abnormal movements
Hypokinetic disorders--lack or slowness of movement
The following are characteristic of what disorders?
Chorea--sudden, jerky and purposeless movements
Huntington's disease
Parkinson's disease
Basal ganglia disorders
The following are characteristic of what basal ganglia disorder?
Choreiform movements--first appear as involuntary movements of the extremities and twitching of the face (facial grimacing), later more muscle groups are involved so that the patient is immobile and unable to speak or swallow
Progressive dementia occurs with the loss of memory and intellectual capacity
Huntington's Disease
The following are characteristic of what basal ganglia disorder?
deterioration of the substantial nigra and reduction of the release of dopamine, tremor (unintentional), bradykinesis (slowness of movement), difficulty in initiating and performing new movement (akinesia), movements are slow, face is expressionless, voice is slurred and swinging of the arms is lost, patient walks with a stoop and arms flexed and walks by taking short steps and is unable to stop
Parkinson's disease
Damage to the _____ and ______ will results in the loss of all forms of sensation, including light touch, tactile localization, and discrimination and muscle joint sense from the opposite side of the body
ventral posterolateral (VPL)
ventral mediolateral (VPM)
Sensory loss usually results from thrombosis or hemorrhage of one of the arteries supplying the...
thalamus
spontaneous pain, which is often excessive and occurs on the opposite side of the body as the infarct
Thalamic pain--seen in patients recovering from thalamic infarct
Lesions of the hypothalamus can cause problems with the following (7)