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In "surgical process" which implant condition is more important, design or surface?
design > surface
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In "initial healing period or osteointegration process" which implant condition is more important, design or surface?
suface > design
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In "early loading period" which implant condition is more important, design or surface?
both are similar in important
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In "mature loading period which implant condition is more important, design or surface?
design > surface
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"Osseointegration" was firstly described by?
Branemark
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Osteointegration is the direct contact between (1) and (2) without (3)
- (1) living bone
- (2) functionally loaded implant surface
- (3) interposed soft tissue
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Two material that are most widely used in dental implant manufacture?
- cpTi (commercially pure titanium)
- Ti6 Al4 V (titaanuim-6 aluminium-4 vanadium)
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What are two advantages of Aluminum in Ti6Al4V?
- decrease weight
- improve elastic modulus
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What are two advantages of Vanadium in Ti6Al4V?
- decrease thermal conductivity
- increase hardness
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What is the primary advantage of Ti6Al4V over cpTi?
mechanical properties (↓fracture, ↓wearing)
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What happens when titanium implant exposes to the air?
the 2-5 nm thick titanium oxide layer is formed over the surface.
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What are three important roles of titanium oxide layer?
- corrosion resistance
- biocompatibility
- osseointegration
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The turned or machined or smooth surface implant can be modified with two methods:
- additive (plasma spray, HA coating)
- subtractive (sand blasting, acid etching)
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There are two agents being used for sandblasting:
- Al2O3 (Aluminium oxide/ alumina)
- TiO2
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Acid etching is performed using baths of:
- HCl - Hydrochloric acid
- H2SO4 - Sulfuric acid
- HNO3 - Nitric acid
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Advantages of acid etching over sandblasting:
- doesn't leave the residues of sandblasting particles
- uniform (even distribution)
- can control loss of metal from implant body
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sandblasting and acid-etcheing modify ... texture and ...texture respectively
- sandblasting - macrotexture
- acid etching - micortexture
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Three clinical advantages of titanium plasma spray and hydroxyapatite coating are:
- increase surface area (greater than any subtractive methods)
- increase roughness for initial stability
- strong bone-impnat interface (HA > TPS)
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Five disadvantages of coating:
- flashing, cracking, scaling on inserting
- increase plaque retention (above bone)
- increase bacteria and nidus
- complication of treatment of failing implant
- increase cost
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Which type of bone will most benefit from TPS?
Type 3 (D3)
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Which type of bone will most benefit from HA?
Type 4 (D4)
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What is an alternative of titanium (cpTi and Ti6Al4V) ?
Zirconia (ZrO2)
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