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Periodontium
- Tissues that surround the teeth Attaches them to the jaw bone.
- Around tooth.
- SUPPORTING TISSUES OF THE TEETH
- THE ATTACHMENT APPARATUS
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Tissues of the Periodontium:4
- Gingiva
- Cementum
- Periodontal ligament
- Alveolar bone
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Gingiva:
- Covers- cervical portion of the tooth and alveolar processes
- Holds tissue against tooth during mastication
- Composed of a thin outer layer of epithelium and an underlying core of connective tissue
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Anatomical Areas of the Gingiva:4
- 1.Free gingiva
- 2.Gingival sulcus
- 3.Interdental gingiva
- 4.Attached gingiva
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Gingival Boundaries:
Upper edge (coronal) is the ______.
- Gingival margin
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Gingival Boundaries:
Lower edge (apical) is the _____.
- Alveolar mucosa
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Gingival Demarcations:
Depression that separates free and attached gingiva is the ______
- free gingival groove
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Gingival Demarcations:
Boundary visible clinically where pink gingiva meets red alveolar mucosa is the ______
- mucogingival junction
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Free Gingiva:
- Located coronal to the CEJ
- Surrounds the tooth like a turtleneck
- Fits snugly around the tooth but is not attached
- Can be pulled away from the tooth with a probe
- Forms soft tissue wall of gingival sulcus
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Free gingiva tissue meets tooth in a thin, rounded edge called _____
the gingival margin
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The ______ follows the contours of the teeth, creating a wavy outline
gingival margin
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Attached Gingiva is between?
free gingiva and alveolar mucosa ATTACHED TO BONE!
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attached gingiva is widest in?
Widest ------incisor and molar regions
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attached gingiva is narrowest in?
Narrowest----- premolar regions
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Attached gingiva is not measured on?
- Width not measured on palate because difficult to distinguish between palatal mucosa (no mucoging. junction)
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Attached gingiva color is?
- Color is pale or coral pink
- May be pigmented
- More frequent in dark-skinned individuals
- Color ranges from light brown to black
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Attached gingiva texture in health is?
- stippled Connective fibers that attach gingival tissue to cementum and bone
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Functions of the attached gingiva?
- Functions to allow gingival tissue to withstand mechanical forces created during chewing, speaking, and toothbrushing
- Prevents free gingiva from being pulled away from tooth when tension is applied to alveolar mucosa
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Interdental Gingiva:
- Part of gingiva that fills the area between two adjacent teeth apical to the contact area
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Interdental Gingiva consists of two interdental papillae called?
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The Col is ?
- a valley-like depression interproximally directly apical to contact
- Absent if teeth are missing or recession is present
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Function of Interdental Gingiva?
Function is to prevent food from becoming packed between teeth during mastication
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Gingival Sulcus:
- Space between free gingiva and tooth surface
- V-shaped shallow space around the tooth
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Clinically normal sulcus is?mm
1 to 3 mm as measured by a probe
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Base of sulcus is formed by?
- junctional epithelium
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Cementum:
- Thin layer of hard, mineralized tissue that covers the surface of the root
- Light yellow
- Overlies the dentin
- Bonelike but more resistant to resorption than bone
- Does not have its own blood or nutrient supply
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Functions of Cementum:
- Give attachment to collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament
- Without cementum the tooth would fall out of the socket
- Protects the underlying dentin
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Periodontal Ligament:
- Soft connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth and attaches it to the bone of the tooth socket
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Periodontal Ligament is composed of?
- fiber bundles
- Sharpey’s Fibers
- Fibers attach to root cementum on one side and alveolar bone of tooth socket on other side
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Sharpey’s Fibers:
matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong collagenous fibers connecting periosteum to bone
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**Five Functions of PDL
- 1.Suspends and maintains tooth in socket
- 2.Provides pressure and pain sensory feeling to tooth
- 3.Provides nutrients to cementum and bone
- 4.Builds and maintains cementum and alveolar bone of tooth socket
- 5.Remodels alveolar bone in response to pressure
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Alveolar Bone:
- Surrounds and supports roots of teeth in upper and lower jaws
- Existence of alveolar bone is dependent on presence of teeth
- Extractions lead to bone resorption
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LAYERS OF ALVEOLAR BONE:3
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Alveolar Bone Proper (aka: Lamina Dura)
- Alveolus: bony socket that houses the root of the tooth
- Appears to have large pores where blood vessels connect structures
- Ends of periodontal ligament fibers are embedded in alveolar bone proper
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Cortical Bone:
- Layer of compact bone that forms the hard outside wall of jaws on facial and lingual
- Surrounds alveolar bone proper and gives support to socket
- Thinnest in incisor, canine, premolar area and thickest in molars
- Does not show up on radiographs
- Alveolar crest most coronal portion
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Cancellous Bone:
- Spongy, lattice-like bone filler between cortical bone and alveolar bone proper
- Oriented around tooth to form support for alveolar bone proper
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Periosteum:
- Layer of connective soft tissue covering outer surface of bone
- Consists of collagenous tissue and an inner layer of elastic fibers
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