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prevent organisms from entering the body. ("soldiers" in the first line of defense are the structural barrier of the human body)
primary defense
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the surface of intact, healthy __ is tough and resilient and prevents entry of many pathogens
skin (primary defense)
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The nares, trachea and bronchi are covered with mucous membrane that trap pathogens
the respiratory tree (primary defense)
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the tears help the body to wash infective organisms from the eyes
eyes (primary defense)
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saliva helps wash microbes from the teeth and gums, normal flora of the mouth limits the number of pathogens
mouth (primary defense)
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diarrhea and vomiting are first line defense mechanisms for pathogens that invade here.
Gastrointestinal tract (primary defense)
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protected with mucous membranes.
genitourinary tract (primary defense)
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required to replace lost stories, to maintain production of white blood cells and to repair damaged tissue
nutrition
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decreases the bacterial count on the skin
hygiene
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renew the body and mind and conserve strength
rest and sleep
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too little activity causes circulation to slow and lungs to supply less oxygen
exercise and activity
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decreases the body's immune defenses. Laughing, in contrast, increases immune promotes body movement, and increases immune responses.
stress reduction
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vaccinations can protect against several infectious diseases etc.
immunizations
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refers to procedures that decrease the potential for the spread of infections. (clean technique)
medical asepsis
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absence of contamination by disease causing microorganisms
asepsis
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the removal of visible soil (organic and inorganic) from objects and surfaces.
cleaning
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removes virtually all pathogens on inanimate objects by physical or chemical means, including steam, gas, chemicals, and ultraviolet light.
disinfection
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the elimination of all microorganisms in or on an object.
sterilizing
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PPE
personal protective equipment
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requires creation of a sterile environment and use of sterile equipment. Differs from medical asepsis in that it is not required for use with all patients
Surgical asepsis or sterile technique
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used for clients with low WBC counts, clients undergoing chemo, or clients with large open wounds or weak immune systems. (usually patients places in a private room). disinfect equipment before going into room
protective isolation
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disinfect the equipment on removal from the room
transmission based isolation
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