-
Put this in order from simplest to most complex.
cells, organisms, organs, tissues, chemicals, body systems
chemicals --> cells --> tissues --> organs --> body systems --> organisms
-
What is the fundamental unit of life?
the cell
-
Somatic cells
all the body cells except for the reproductive cells (sperm and ova)
-
Tissues
groups of cells that perform the same basic activity
-
What are the 4 main types of tissues and their functions?
- 1) epithelial - covering
- 2) connective - supporting and protecting
- 3) muscular - contracting
- 4) nervous - conducting impulses
-
organs
- two or more tissue types that work together to perform one or more functions and form a more complex structure.
- ex: skin, stomach, ear
-
body system
consists of several organs that work together to accomplish a set of functions.
-
Context: Body system
muscular system
makes movement possible
-
Context: Body system
skeletal system
provides protection, form, and shape for the body; stores minerals and forms some blood cells
-
Context: Body system
cardiovascular system
delivers oxygen, nutrients, and vital substances throughout the body; transports cellular waste products to the lungs and kidneys for excretion.
-
Context: Body system
lymphatic system
helps maintain the internal fluid environment; produces some types of blood cells; regulates immunity
-
Context: Body system
respiratory system
brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide and some water waste
-
Context: Body system
digestive system
provides the body with water, nutrients, and minerals; removes solid wastes
-
Context: Body system
urinary system
filters blood to remove wastes of cellular metabolism; maintains the electrolyte and fluid balance
-
Context: Body system
reproductive system
facilitates procreation (producing offspring) aka bow chika ... nvm.
-
Context: Body system
integumentary system
provides external covering for protection; regulates the body temperature and water content
-
Context: Body system
nervous system
coordinates the reception of stimuli; transmits messages to stimulate movement
-
Context: Body system
endocrine system
secretes hormones and helps regulate body activities
-
Homeo stasis
- home/o = sameness
- -stasis = controlling
-
-
dys plasia
abnormal development of tissues or organs
-
a plasia
the lack of development of an organ or tissue
-
hypo plasia
less severe than aplasia
-
hyper plasia
an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in tissue
-
hyper trophy
an increase in the size of an organ cause by an increase in the size of the cells rather than the number of cells
-
ana plasia
a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversal to a more primitive form, characteristic of malignancy
-
context: reference planes
frontal plane
- aka coronal plane
- divides the body into front and back portions
-
context: reference planes
transverse plane
- trans - = across
- divides the body into upper and lower portions (at any level)
-
context: reference planes
sagittal plane
divides the body into right and left sides
-
context: reference planes
midsagittal plane
divides the body into two equal halves
-
context: anatomical locations
anterior
front
-
context: anatomical locations
posterior
behind
-
context: anatomical locations
lateral
side
-
context: directional terms
anter/o
- ex: anterior
- nearer to or toward the front; ventral
-
context: directional terms
poster/o
- ex: posterior
- nearer to or toward the back; dorsal; situated behind
-
context: directional terms
ventr/o
- ex: ventral
- belly side; same as anterior surface in human beings
-
context: directional terms
dors/o
- ex:dorsal
- directed toward or situated on the back side; same as posterior surface in human beings
-
context: directional terms
medi/o
- ex: medial, median
- middle or nearer the middle; the prefix mid- also means middle
-
context: directional terms
later/o
- ex: lateral
- toward the side; denoting a position farther from the midline of the body or from a structure
-
context: directional terms
super/o
- ex: superior
- uppermost or above
-
context: directional terms
infer/o
- ex: inferior
- lowermost or below
-
context: directional terms
proxim/o
- ex: proximal
- nearer the origin or point of attachment
-
context: directional terms
dist/o
- ex: distal
- far or distant from the origin or point of attachment
-
context: directional terms
cephal/o
- ex: cephalad
- toward the head
-
context: directional terms
caud/o
- ex: caudad
- toward the tail or in an inferior direction in human beings
-
antero median
front and middle
-
postero median
middle of the back
-
postero external
back and outer side
-
postero internal
back and the inner side
-
antero posterior projection
front to the back
-
postero anterior
back to front
-
dorso ventral
- back and belly surfaces
- (sometimes means from the back to the belly surfaces)
-
-
dorso lateral
pertaining to the back and the two sides
-
postero lateral
as well as dorsolateral, located behind and at the side
-
antero lateral
pertaining to the front and to one side
-
medio lateral
in the middle and to one side
-
antero superior
in front and above
-
infero median
situated in the middle of the underside
-
Caud al
pertaining to the tail
-
tele cardiogram
tracing of the electrical impulses of the heart recorded by a machine distant from the patient
-
-
prone
position of a person who is lying face down
-
supine
position of a person who is lying on the back
-
pronation
of the arm = the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward
-
supination
rotation of a joint that allows the hand or foot to turn upward
-
-
ambulant
person who is able to walk
-
context: 2 main cavities: space within the body that contain internal organs
dorsal cavity
located near the posterior part of the body
-
context: 2 main cavities: space within the body that contain internal organs
ventral cavity
- located near the anterior part.
- large organs contained in this cavity are called viscera
-
context: dorsal cavity
cranial cavity
contains brain
-
context: dorsal cavity
spinal cavity
contains the spinal cord and the beginnings of the spinal nerves
-
context: ventral cavity
thoracic cavity
chest
-
context: ventral cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal and pelvic
-
diaphragm
- muscular, dome-shaped partition that functions in respiration
- divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
-
periton eum
- periton/o = peritoneum
- -eum = membrane
-
adhesion
a sticking together of two structures that are normally separated
-
torso
includes the chest, abdomen, and pelvis
-
extremities
four limbs (arms and legs)
-
Context: body regions or structures
abdomin/o
abdomen
-
Context: body regions or structures
acr/o
extremities (arms and legs)
-
Context: body regions or structures
blephar/o
eyelid
-
Context: body regions or structures
cyst/o
cyst, bladder, or sac
-
Context: body regions or structures
dactyl/o
digit (toes, fingers, or both)
-
Context: body regions or structures
lapar/o
abdominal wall
-
Context: body regions or structures
omphal/o
umbilicus (navel)
-
Context: body regions or structures
onych/o
nail
-
Context: body regions or structures
pelv/i
pelvis
-
Context: body regions or structures
periton/o
peritoneum
-
Context: body regions or structures
som/a, somat/o
body
-
Context: body regions or structures
thorac/o
chest (thorax)
-
abdomen
portion of the body trunk that is located between the chest and the pelvis
-
abdominal quadrants
used to describe the location of pain or body structures
-
abdominothoracic
an adjective that pertains to the abdomen and the thorax
-
abdomino centesis
- abdomin/o = abdomen
- -centesis = surgical puncture
-
abdominal pracentesis
surgical procedure that is performed to remove excess fluids (ascites) from the abdominal cavity or to inject a therapeutic agent.
-
periton itis
- periton/o = peritoneum
- -itis = inflammation
-
thoracocentesis, thoracentesis
surgical puncture of the chest wall for aspiration of fluids
-
laparo tomy
- lapar/o = abdominal wall
- -tomy = incision
-
laparoscopy
examination of the interior of the abdomen by means of a laparoscope
-
laparoscope
an instrument that is inserted into the peritoneal cavity to inspect it
-
pelvis
lower portion of the body trunk
-
cephalo pelvic
- cephal/o = head
- pelv/i = pelvis
- (head of fetus and maternal pelvis)
-
omphal ic
concerning the umbilicus (umbilical)
-
omphalitis
inflamed condition of the navel
-
omphalorrhexis
rupture of the navel
-
omphalorrhagia
umbilical hemorrhage
-
omphalo cele
congenital herniation of the navel
-
cephalo metry
measurement of the dimensions of the head
-
cephalalgia, cephalodynia
pain in the head of headache
-
cephalad
means toward the head
-
dactylo graphy
study of fingerprints
-
dactylospasm
cramping of a finger or toe
-
dactylitis
inflammation of the bones of the fingers or toes
-
chiro pody
pertaining to the hands and feet
-
chiropodist
one who treats corns, bunions, and other afflictions of the hands and feet
-
chirospasm
cramping of the hand (writer's cramp)
-
chiroplasty
plastic surgery of the hand
-
onycho phag ist
- onych/o = nails
- phag/o = eat
- -ist = one who
-
intra cellular
body fluids found within the cells
-
extra cellular
body fluids found outside the cells
-
interstitial fluid
extracellular fluid that fills the space between most of the cells of the body
-
edema
a condition, accumulation of the fluid in the interstitial compartment
-
context: body fluids
crin/o, -crine
secrete
-
context: body fluids
dacry/o, lacrim/o
tear, tearing, crying
-
context: body fluids
-emia
condition of the blood
-
context: body fluids
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
-
context: body fluids
hidr/o
sweat or perspiration
-
context: body fluids
hydr/o
water
-
context: body fluids
lymph/o
lymph (sometimes refers to the lymphatics)
-
context: body fluids
muc/o
mucus
-
context: body fluids
-poiesis
production
-
context: body fluids
-poietin
substance that causes production
-
context: body fluids
py/o
pus
-
context: body fluids
sial/o
saliva (sometimes refers to salivary glands)
-
context: body fluids
ur/o
urine (sometimes refers to the urinary tract)
-
lacrimation
crying or discharge of tears
-
ophthalm itis
inflammation of the eye
-
calculi
stones or concretions
-
dacryo lith
a lacrimal stone/calculus, tear stones
-
dacryo lith iasis
presence of lacrimal stone
-
-
dacryo cyst itis
inflammation of the tear sac
-
sialo graphy
x-ray of the ducts of the salivary glands
-
exo crine
glands that have ducts that carry their secretions to an epithelial surface, sometimes to the outside
-
endocrine
ductless and glands that secrete their hormones into the bloodstream
-
sudoriferous glands
sweat glands
-
hidr osis
the formation and excretion of sweat
-
hidr aden itis
- inflammation of a sweat gland
- aden/o = gland
-
hidradenoma
tumor of a sweat gland
-
hydro therapy
treatment using water
-
hydro phobia
abnormal fear of water
-
-
hemat uria
blood in the urine
-
mucous
- pertaining to mucus
- muc/o - mucus
-
-
muco lytic
agents break up or destroy mucus
-
-
pyo genic
those that produce pus
-
hydrocephalus
condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
-
neuro logic
pertaining to the nervous system
-
hemato logy
study of blood and the blood-forming tissues
-
-
-
-
-
hemolysis
destruction of red blood cells with the liberation of hemoglobin
-
hemodialysis
process of diffusing blood through a semipermeable membrane to remove toxic materials form the bodies of persons with impaired kidney function
-
-
-
-graph
instrument for recording
-
-
thrombosis
formation of internal blood clots
-
thrombo cytes
- thromb/o = blood clot
- -cyte = cell
- --> blood platelets
-
thrombocytopenia, thrombopenia
deficiency in blood platelets
-
hemoglobin
- hem/o = blood
- globin = a type of protein
-
an emia
- an- = without
- -emia = blood
-
-
hemato poiesis
- hemat/o = blood
- -poiesis = production
-
Opposites!
anter/o
poster/o
-
Opposites!
ventr/o
dors/o
-
Opposites!
proxim/o
dist/o, tel/e
-
Opposites!
medial
lateral
-
|
|