Medical Terms Ch. 5 extensive list

chemicals --> cells --> tissues --> organs --> body systems --> organisms

the cell

all the body cells except for the reproductive cells (sperm and ova)

groups of cells that perform the same basic activity

• 1) epithelial - covering
• 2) connective - supporting and protecting
• 3) muscular - contracting
• 4) nervous - conducting impulses

• two or more tissue types that work together to perform one or more functions and form a more complex structure.
• ex: skin, stomach, ear

consists of several organs that work together to accomplish a set of functions.

makes movement possible

provides protection, form, and shape for the body; stores minerals and forms some blood cells

delivers oxygen, nutrients, and vital substances throughout the body; transports cellular waste products to the lungs and kidneys for excretion.

helps maintain the internal fluid environment; produces some types of blood cells; regulates immunity

brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide and some water waste

provides the body with water, nutrients, and minerals; removes solid wastes

filters blood to remove wastes of cellular metabolism; maintains the electrolyte and fluid balance

facilitates procreation (producing offspring) aka bow chika ... nvm.

provides external covering for protection; regulates the body temperature and water content

coordinates the reception of stimuli; transmits messages to stimulate movement

secretes hormones and helps regulate body activities

• home/o = sameness
• -stasis = controlling

formation

abnormal development of tissues or organs

the lack of development of an organ or tissue

less severe than aplasia

an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in tissue

an increase in the size of an organ cause by an increase in the size of the cells rather than the number of cells

a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversal to a more primitive form, characteristic of malignancy

• aka coronal plane
• divides the body into front and back portions

• trans - = across
• divides the body into upper and lower portions (at any level)

divides the body into right and left sides

divides the body into two equal halves

front

behind

side

• ex: anterior
• nearer to or toward the front; ventral

• ex: posterior
• nearer to or toward the back; dorsal; situated behind

• ex: ventral
• belly side; same as anterior surface in human beings

• ex:dorsal
• directed toward or situated on the back side; same as posterior surface in human beings

• ex: medial, median
• middle or nearer the middle; the prefix mid- also means middle

• ex: lateral
• toward the side; denoting a position farther from the midline of the body or from a structure

• ex: superior
• uppermost or above

• ex: inferior
• lowermost or below

• ex: proximal
• nearer the origin or point of attachment

• ex: distal
• far or distant from the origin or point of attachment

• ex: cephalad
• toward the head

• ex: caudad
• toward the tail or in an inferior direction in human beings

front and middle

middle of the back

back and outer side

back and the inner side

front to the back

back to front

• back and belly surfaces
• (sometimes means from the back to the belly surfaces)

pertaining to

pertaining to the back and the two sides

as well as dorsolateral, located behind and at the side

pertaining to the front and to one side

in the middle and to one side

in front and above

situated in the middle of the underside

pertaining to the tail

tracing of the electrical impulses of the heart recorded by a machine distant from the patient

distant

position of a person who is lying face down

position of a person who is lying on the back

of the arm = the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward

rotation of a joint that allows the hand or foot to turn upward

lying down

person who is able to walk

located near the posterior part of the body

• located near the anterior part.
• large organs contained in this cavity are called viscera

contains brain

contains the spinal cord and the beginnings of the spinal nerves

chest

abdominal and pelvic

• muscular, dome-shaped partition that functions in respiration
• divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

• periton/o = peritoneum
• -eum = membrane

a sticking together of two structures that are normally separated

includes the chest, abdomen, and pelvis

four limbs (arms and legs)

abdomen

extremities (arms and legs)

eyelid

cyst, bladder, or sac

digit (toes, fingers, or both)

abdominal wall

umbilicus (navel)

nail

pelvis

peritoneum

body

chest (thorax)

portion of the body trunk that is located between the chest and the pelvis

used to describe the location of pain or body structures

an adjective that pertains to the abdomen and the thorax

• abdomin/o = abdomen
• -centesis = surgical puncture

surgical procedure that is performed to remove excess fluids (ascites) from the abdominal cavity or to inject a therapeutic agent.

• periton/o = peritoneum
• -itis = inflammation

surgical puncture of the chest wall for aspiration of fluids

• lapar/o = abdominal wall
• -tomy = incision

examination of the interior of the abdomen by means of a laparoscope

an instrument that is inserted into the peritoneal cavity to inspect it

lower portion of the body trunk

• cephal/o = head
• pelv/i = pelvis
• (head of fetus and maternal pelvis)

concerning the umbilicus (umbilical)

inflamed condition of the navel

rupture of the navel

umbilical hemorrhage

congenital herniation of the navel

measurement of the dimensions of the head

pain in the head of headache

means toward the head

study of fingerprints

cramping of a finger or toe

inflammation of the bones of the fingers or toes

pertaining to the hands and feet

one who treats corns, bunions, and other afflictions of the hands and feet

cramping of the hand (writer's cramp)

plastic surgery of the hand

• onych/o = nails
• phag/o = eat
• -ist = one who

body fluids found within the cells

body fluids found outside the cells

extracellular fluid that fills the space between most of the cells of the body

a condition, accumulation of the fluid in the interstitial compartment

secrete

tear, tearing, crying

condition of the blood

blood

sweat or perspiration

water

lymph (sometimes refers to the lymphatics)

mucus

production

substance that causes production

pus

saliva (sometimes refers to salivary glands)

urine (sometimes refers to the urinary tract)

crying or discharge of tears

inflammation of the eye

stones or concretions

a lacrimal stone/calculus, tear stones

presence of lacrimal stone

tear sac

inflammation of the tear sac

x-ray of the ducts of the salivary glands

glands that have ducts that carry their secretions to an epithelial surface, sometimes to the outside

ductless and glands that secrete their hormones into the bloodstream

sweat glands

the formation and excretion of sweat

• inflammation of a sweat gland
• aden/o = gland

tumor of a sweat gland

treatment using water

abnormal fear of water

without urine

blood in the urine

• pertaining to mucus
• muc/o - mucus

resembling mucus

agents break up or destroy mucus

pus in the urine

those that produce pus

condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

pertaining to the nervous system

study of blood and the blood-forming tissues

cell

red

white

clot

destruction of red blood cells with the liberation of hemoglobin

process of diffusing blood through a semipermeable membrane to remove toxic materials form the bodies of persons with impaired kidney function

coagulation

fiber or fibrous

instrument for recording

small

formation of internal blood clots

• thromb/o = blood clot
• -cyte = cell
• --> blood platelets

deficiency in blood platelets

• hem/o = blood
• globin = a type of protein

• an- = without
• -emia = blood

• phag/o = eat
• cyt/o = cell

• hemat/o = blood
• -poiesis = production

poster/o

dors/o

dist/o, tel/e

lateral

supine