history of conservation

• Founder of the wilderness society
• head of recreation and lands for the US Forest Service
• Shaped US Forest Service Policy on "wilderness designation and management"

• "father of wildlife ecology"
• 1924 with bob marshall designated the first forest service wilderness area
• 1933 published "game management"
• 1935 helped found the wilderness society
• 1939 helped found the wildlife society
• 1949 published "sand county almanac"
• promoted sustainable land use

• preservation had become restoration
• soil and water recognized as a natural resource
• - this was because of "the dust bowl" and "the great depression"

2,652 camps in North America did soil and water conservation reforestation etc.

conservation of soil, water, forest and wildlife in an entire drainage basin

help farmers and teach them proper farming practices, developed because of the dust bowl

US Fish and Wildlife service created in the Dept of the interior, divided into regions

increased urbanization resulted in increase of fragmentation of natural ecosystems

• atomic energy creates a new source of "clean" electrical power
• but: nuclear power = bombs

JFK and stewart udall during the 1960's

1964 pivotal work on pesticide contamination also wrote a book called "silent spring"

• part of the "quiet crisis" which called for comprehensive environmental planning and
• environmental regulation by the government

• lyndon johnson
• a place where vehicles would not be allowed, where no permanent camps or structures could be made
• where wildlife and its habitat would be kept in as primitive condition as possible

• attain the widest range of benefical uses of the environment without degradation, risk to health or safety or other
• undesierable and unintended consequences.

EPA added that environmental impact statements must be prepared before federal monies could be expended

Gaylord Nelson senator from Wisconsin

moratorium on taking and importing marine mammals their parts and products

it stated that you could list endangered species but you also had to come up with something to help protect them.

few positive federal environmental laws have been passed

• faltering world economy & cost of environmental clean up resulted in a (retreat of the federal government
• from the committment to environmental quality of 1980's

lack of federal aid left a void in state and local governments

• campaigned as the environmental president
• was a mixed president had a moratorium on drilling on the US coast
• spotted owl placed on the endangered species list
• valdez oil spill response

the role of nongovernmental agencies have increased tremendously in influencing government environmental policy

economy, environment and society