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chromatin
Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins
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chromosome
Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule that carries hereditary information encoded in genes
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cytoplasm
Jellylike substance found within the cell membrane composed of proteins, salts, water, dissoved gases and nutrients
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenver the cell divides
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diaphragm
Muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
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metabolism
Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism
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organelle
Cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction), ribosomes (protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell), and lysosomes (digestion).
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pathology
Study of the nature of diseases, their causes, development and consequences.
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peristalsis
Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the walls of a tubular organ to propel its contents onward.
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Levels of organization
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- System
- Organism
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Body Systems
- Gastrointestinal
- Reproductive
- Respiratory
- Urinary
- Cardiovascular
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Planes of the Body
- 1. Midsagittal (median) - right & left halves
- 2. Coronal (frontal) - anterior (ventral) & posterior (dorsal)
- 3. Transverse (horizontal) - superior (upper) & inferior (lower)
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Body Cavities
- 1. Dorsal (posterior), including the cranial and spinal cavities
- 2. Ventral (anterior), including the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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Major organ in the CRANIAL cavity
Brain
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Major Organ in the SPINAL cavity
Spinal cord
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Major organs in the THORACIC cavity
Heart, lungs and associated structures
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Major organs in the ABDOMINOPELVIC cavity
Digestive, excretory and reproductive organs and structures
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Quadrants of the body
- 1. Right upper (RUQ)
- 2. Left upper (LUQ)
- 3. Right lower (RLQ)
- 4. Left lower (LLQ)
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Major structures in the RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT
Right lobe of liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines
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Major structures of the LEFT UPPER QUADRANT
Left lobe of liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines.
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Major structures in the RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT
Part of small and large intestines, appendix, right ovary, right fallopian tube, right ureter
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Major structures in the LEFT LOWER QUADRANT
Part of small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter
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Divisions of the spine
- Cervical (neck)
- Thoracic (chest)
- Lumbar (loin)
- Sacral (lower back)
- Coccyx (tailbone)
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Nine abdominopelvic regions
- Left hypochondriac
- Epigastric
- Right hypochondriac
- Left lumbar
- Umbilical
- Right Lumbar
- Left inguinal (iliac)
- Hypogatric
- Right inguinal (iliac)
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