-
aden/o
gland
⇒ adenoma: tumor of a gland
-
arthr/o
joint
⇒ arthritis: inflammation of joint
-
carcin/o
cancerous, cancer
⇒ carcinoma: cancerous tumor
-
bi/o
life
⇒ biology: study of life
⇒ biopsy: living tissue removed from body and viewed under microscope
-
cardi/o
heart
⇒ cardiology: study of the heart
-
cephal/o
head
⇒ cephalic: pertaining to the head
-
cerebr/o
cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
⇒ cerebral: pertaining to the cerebrum
-
cis/o
to cut
⇒ incision: process of cutting
⇒ excision: process of cutting out/removal
-
crin/o
to secrete (to form and give off)
⇒ endocrine glands: secrete hormones directly within(into) the bloodstream, (ex: thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands)
-
cyst/o
urinary bladder; a sac or cyst (sac containing fluid)
⇒ cystoscopy: visual examination of urinary bladder
-
cyt/o
cell
⇒ cytology: study of the cell
-
derm/o
dermat/o
skin
⇒ dermatitis: inflammation of the skin
⇒ hypodermic: pertaining to under the skin
-
electr/o
electricity
⇒ electrocardiogram: record of electricity in the heart (can be abbreviated ECG or sometimes EKG)
⇒ suffix -gram means record
-
encephal/o
brain
⇒ electroencephalogram: record of electricity in brain (abbreviated EEG)
-
enter/o
red
⇒ erythrocyte: red blood cell, they carry oxygen to the blood
⇒ suffix -cyte means cell
-
gastr/o
stomach
⇒ gastrectomy: excision/removal of stomach, all or more commonly part of the stomach is removed
⇒ suffix -ectomy means excision or removal
-
glyc/o
sugar
⇒ hyperglycemia: excessive sugar in blood
⇒ suffix hyper- means excessive, above or more than normal
⇒ suffix -emia means blood condition
-
gnos/o
knowledge
⇒ diagnosis: process of determining the nature of a disease or illness by examination of the patient
⇒ prognosis: prediction about the probable outcome of an illness
-
gynec/o
women, female
⇒ gynecology: study of women's health, disease
⇒ hematology: study of blood
⇒ hematoma: mass of blood
⇒ hemoglobin: blood protein which carries oxygen
-
hepat/o
liver
⇒ hepatitis: inflammation of the liver
-
iatr/o
⇒ iatrogenic: produced by treatment, iatrogenic conditions are adverse effects that result from treatment or intervention by a physician (side effects)
⇒ suffix -genic means pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in
-
leuk/o
white
⇒ leukocyte: white blood cell, this blood cell helps the body fight disease
-
nephr/o
kidney
⇒ nephritis: inflammation of the kidney
⇒ nephrology: study of the kidney
-
log/o
study of
⇒ neurology: study of the nerves
-
onc/o
tumor
⇒ oncology: study of tumors
⇒ oncologist: someone who studies tumors
⇒ suffix -ist means one who specializes in a field of medicine (or other profession)
-
ophthalm/o
eye
⇒ ophthalmoscope: instrument for visual examination of the eye
⇒ suffix -scope means an instrument for visual examination
-
oste/o
bone
⇒ osteitis: inflammation of the bone
⇒ osteoarthritis: inflammation of bones and joints
-
path/o
disease
⇒ pathology: study of disease
⇒ pathologist: specialist studies diseases, they examine biopsy samples microscopically and examine dead bodies to determine the cause of death
-
ped/o
child
⇒ pediatric: pertaining to treatment of children
⇒ ped/o is also in the term orthopedist. Orthopedists once were doctors who straightened (orth/o means straight) children's bones and corrected deformities. Now, orthopedists specialize in disorders of bones and muscles in people of all ages.
-
psych/o
mind
⇒ psychology: study of the mind
⇒ psychiatrist: specialist in treatment of the mind
-
radi/o
x-rays
⇒ radiology: study of x-rays
⇒ low energy x-rays are used for diagnostic imaging
-
ren/o
kidney
⇒ renal: pertaining to the kidney
⇒ nephr/o also refers to kidney. ren/o is used with -al to describe the kidney, nephr/o id used with other suffixes such as -osis, -itis, and -ectomy, to describe abnormal conditions and operative procedures
-
rhin/o
nose
⇒ rhinitis: inflammation of the nose
-
sarc/o
flesh
⇒ sarcoma: fleshy tumor, cancerous tumor grows from cells of "fleshy" connective tissue such as muscle, bone, and fat
⇒ carcinoma: cancerous tumor grows from epithelial cells that line the outside of the body or the inside of organs in the body
-
sect/o
to cut
⇒ thrombocyte: platelet, these cells help clot blood
⇒ thrombus: the actual clot that forms
⇒ thrombosis: the condition of clot formation, -osis means condition
-
ur/o
urinary tract, urine
⇒ urology: study of urinary tract
⇒ urologist: a surgeon who operates on the organs of the urinary tract and the organs of the male reproductive system
-
-ac
pertaining to
⇒ cardiac: pertaining to the heart
-
-al
pertaining to
⇒ neural: pertaining to the nerves
-
-algia
pain
⇒ arthralgia: joint pain
⇒ neuralgia: nerve pain
-
-cyte
cell
⇒ erythrocyte: red blood cell
-
-ectomy
excision, removal
⇒ nephrectomy: removal of a kidney
-
-emia
blood condition
⇒ leukemia: cancer of white blood cells, blood condition where cancerous white blood cells proliferate (increase in number)
-
-genic
producing, produced by, of produced in
⇒ carcinogenic: cancer producing, ex. cigarette smoke
⇒ pathogenic: disease causing, ex. a virus or a bacterium
⇒ iatrogenic: produced by treatment
-
-globin
protein
⇒ hemoglobin: red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood
-
-gram
record
⇒ electroencephalogram: record of electricity in the brain
-
-ic, -ical
pertaining to
⇒ gastric: pertaining to the stomach
⇒ neurologic: pertaining to study of nerves, log/o: means study of
-
-ion
process
⇒ excision: process of cutting out, removal
-
-itis
inflammation
⇒ cystitis: inflammation of the urinary bladder
-
-ist
specialist
⇒ ophthalmologist: specialist in study of the eye, a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating(surgically and medically) disorders of the eye
⇒ optometrist: is a healthcare professional who examines (metr/o: to measure) eyes and prescribes corrective lenses, and may treat eye diseases
⇒ optician: grinds lenses and fits glasses but does not examine eyes, prescribe corrective lenses, or treat eye disease
-
-logy
study of
⇒ endocrinology: study of endocrine system
-
-oma
tumor, mass, swelling
⇒ hepatoma: tumor of the liver, a malignant tumor of the liver
-
-opsy
process of viewing
⇒ biopsy: living tissue removed from body and viewed under microscope
-
-osis
condition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells)
⇒ nephrosis: abnormal condition of the kidney
⇒ leukocytosis: increase in white blood cells, occurs as white blood cells multiple to fight an infection.
⇒ leukemia: a cancerous condition marked by high levels of abnormal, immature white blood cells
-
-pathy
disease condition
⇒ enteropathy: disease of the intestines
⇒ adenopathy: disease of glands
-
-scope
instrument to visually examine
⇒ endoscope: instrument to examine insides
⇒ endo- means within
⇒ cystoscope is a type of endoscope
-
-scopy
process of visually examining
⇒ endoscopy: process of visually examining insides, performed with and endoscope
-
-sis
state of; condition
⇒ prognosis: prediction about the probable course of a disease
-
-tomy
process of cutting, incision
⇒ osteotomy: process of cutting a bone or incision into bone
-
-y
process, condition
⇒ gastroenterology: study of stomach and intestines
-
a- an-
no, not, without
⇒ anemia: decreased number of erythrocytes or an abnormality of the hemoglobin (a chemical) within the red blood cells. This results in deceased delivery of oxygen to the cells of the body.
⇒ Anemic patients look so pale that early physicians thought they were literally without blood → avascular: without blood vessels
-
aut- auto-
self, own
⇒ autopsy: literally means "process of viewing by oneself" examination of dead body with ones own eyes to determine cause of death and nature of disease
-
dia-
complete, through
⇒ diagnosis: process of determining the nature of a disease of illness by examination of the patient
⇒ diarrhea: condition in which feces are discharged from the bowels frequently and in a liquid form
-
endo-
within
⇒ endocrinologist: specialist
⇒ endocardium: with in the heart
-
epi-
above, upon
⇒ epigastric: above stomach
⇒ epidermis: layer above the dermis
-
ex- exo-
out, outside of, outward
⇒ excision: process of cutting out
⇒ exocrine glands: which secrete out
-
hyper-
excessive, above, more than normal
⇒ hyperthyroidism: condition of overactive thyroid gland (endocrine gland in the neck) creates a greater than normal amount of thyroxine (thyroid hormone, or T4).
⇒ because thyroxine causes cells to burn fuel and release energy, signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism are increased energy level and nervousness, tachycardia (increased heart rate), weight loss, and exophthalmos (bulging eyeballs)
-
hypo-
deficient, below, under, less than normal
⇒ hypogastric: below the stomach
⇒ hypoglycemia: low blood sugar, in this term hypo- means deficient
-
in-
into, in
⇒ incision: process of cutting into
-
peri-
surrounding, around
⇒ pericardium: membrane or tissue that surrounds the heart
⇒ suffix -um means structure.
-
-
re-
back, backward, again
⇒ resection: process of cutting out
⇒ this is an operation in which tissue is "cut back" or removed
-
retro-
behind
⇒ retrocardiac: behind the heart
-
sub-
below, under
⇒ subhepatic: under the liver
-
trans-
across, through
⇒ transhepatic: through the liver
|
|