Med Terms

gland

⇒ adenoma: tumor of a gland

joint

⇒ arthritis: inflammation of joint

cancerous, cancer

⇒ carcinoma: cancerous tumor

life

⇒ biology: study of life

⇒ biopsy:  living tissue removed from body and viewed under microscope

heart

⇒ cardiology: study of the heart

head

⇒ cephalic: pertaining to the head

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

⇒ cerebral: pertaining to the cerebrum

to cut

⇒ incision: process of cutting

⇒ excision: process of cutting out/removal

to secrete (to form and give off)

⇒ endocrine glands: secrete hormones directly within(into) the bloodstream, (ex: thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands)

urinary bladder; a sac or cyst (sac containing fluid)

⇒ cystoscopy: visual examination of urinary bladder

cell

⇒ cytology: study of the cell

skin

⇒ dermatitis: inflammation of the skin

⇒ hypodermic: pertaining to under the skin

electricity

⇒ electrocardiogram: record of electricity in the heart (can be abbreviated ECG or sometimes EKG)

⇒ suffix -gram means record

brain

⇒ electroencephalogram: record of electricity in brain (abbreviated EEG)

red

⇒ erythrocyte: red blood cell, they carry oxygen to the blood

⇒ suffix -cyte means cell

stomach

⇒ gastrectomy: excision/removal of stomach, all or more commonly part of the stomach is removed

⇒ suffix -ectomy means excision or removal

sugar

⇒ hyperglycemia: excessive sugar in blood

⇒ suffix hyper- means excessive, above or more than normal 

⇒ suffix -emia means blood condition

knowledge

⇒ diagnosis: process of determining the nature of a disease or illness by examination of the patient

⇒ prognosis: prediction about the probable outcome of an illness

women, female

⇒ gynecology: study of women's health, disease

⇒ hematology: study of blood

⇒ hematoma: mass of blood

⇒ hemoglobin: blood protein which carries oxygen

liver

⇒ hepatitis: inflammation of the liver

⇒ iatrogenic: produced by treatment, iatrogenic conditions are adverse effects that result from treatment or intervention by a physician (side effects)

⇒ suffix -genic means pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in

white

⇒ leukocyte: white blood cell, this blood cell helps the body fight disease

kidney

⇒ nephritis: inflammation of the kidney

⇒ nephrology: study of the kidney

study of 

⇒ neurology: study of the nerves

tumor

⇒ oncology: study of tumors

⇒ oncologist: someone who studies tumors

⇒ suffix -ist means one who specializes in a field of medicine (or other profession)

eye

⇒ ophthalmoscope: instrument for visual examination of the eye

⇒ suffix -scope means an instrument for visual examination

bone

⇒ osteitis: inflammation of the bone

⇒ osteoarthritis: inflammation of bones and joints

disease

⇒ pathology: study of disease

⇒ pathologist: specialist studies diseases, they examine biopsy samples microscopically and examine dead bodies to determine the cause of death

child

⇒ pediatric: pertaining to treatment of children

⇒ ped/o is also in the term orthopedist. Orthopedists once were doctors who straightened (orth/o means straight) children's bones and corrected deformities. Now, orthopedists specialize in disorders of bones and muscles in people of all ages.

mind

⇒ psychology: study of the mind

⇒ psychiatrist: specialist in treatment of the mind

x-rays

⇒ radiology: study of x-rays

⇒ low energy x-rays are used for diagnostic imaging

kidney

⇒ renal: pertaining to the kidney

⇒ nephr/o also refers to kidney. ren/o is used with -al to describe the kidney, nephr/o id used with other suffixes such as -osis, -itis, and -ectomy, to describe abnormal conditions and operative procedures

nose

⇒ rhinitis: inflammation of the nose

flesh

⇒ sarcoma: fleshy tumor, cancerous tumor grows from cells of "fleshy" connective tissue such as muscle, bone, and fat

⇒ carcinoma: cancerous tumor grows from epithelial cells that line the outside of the body or the inside of organs in the body

to cut

⇒ thrombocyte: platelet, these cells help clot blood

⇒ thrombus: the actual clot that forms

⇒ thrombosis: the condition of clot formation, -osis means condition

urinary tract, urine

⇒ urology: study of urinary tract

⇒ urologist: a surgeon who operates on the organs of the urinary tract and the organs of the male reproductive system

pertaining to

⇒ cardiac: pertaining to the heart

pertaining to

⇒ neural: pertaining to the nerves

pain

⇒ arthralgia: joint pain

⇒ neuralgia: nerve pain

cell

⇒ erythrocyte: red blood cell

excision, removal

⇒ nephrectomy: removal of a kidney

blood condition

⇒ leukemia: cancer of white blood cells, blood condition where cancerous white blood cells proliferate (increase in number)

producing, produced by, of produced in

⇒ carcinogenic: cancer producing, ex. cigarette smoke

⇒ pathogenic: disease causing, ex. a virus or a bacterium

⇒ iatrogenic: produced by treatment

protein

⇒ hemoglobin: red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood

record

⇒ electroencephalogram: record of electricity in the brain

pertaining to

⇒ gastric: pertaining to the stomach

⇒ neurologic: pertaining to study of nerves, log/o: means study of

process

⇒ excision: process of cutting out, removal

inflammation

⇒ cystitis: inflammation of the urinary bladder

specialist

⇒ ophthalmologist: specialist in study of the eye, a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating(surgically and medically) disorders of the eye

⇒ optometrist: is a healthcare professional who examines (metr/o: to measure) eyes and prescribes corrective lenses, and may treat eye diseases

⇒ optician: grinds lenses and fits glasses but does not examine eyes, prescribe corrective lenses, or treat eye disease

study of

⇒ endocrinology: study of endocrine system

tumor, mass, swelling

⇒ hepatoma: tumor of the liver, a malignant tumor of the liver

process of viewing

⇒ biopsy: living tissue removed from body and viewed under microscope

condition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells)

⇒ nephrosis: abnormal condition of the kidney

⇒ leukocytosis: increase in white blood cells, occurs as white blood cells multiple to fight an infection.

⇒ leukemia: a cancerous condition marked by high levels of abnormal, immature white blood cells

disease condition

⇒ enteropathy: disease of the intestines

⇒ adenopathy: disease of glands

instrument to visually examine

⇒ endoscope: instrument to examine insides

⇒ endo- means within

⇒ cystoscope is a type of endoscope

process of visually examining

⇒ endoscopy: process of visually examining insides, performed with and endoscope

state of; condition

⇒ prognosis: prediction about the probable course of a disease

process of cutting, incision

⇒ osteotomy: process of cutting a bone or incision into bone

process, condition

⇒ gastroenterology: study of stomach and intestines

no, not, without

⇒ anemia: decreased number of erythrocytes or an abnormality of the hemoglobin (a chemical) within the red blood cells. This results in deceased delivery of oxygen to the cells of the body.

⇒ Anemic patients look so pale that early physicians thought they were literally without blood → avascular: without blood vessels

self, own

⇒ autopsy: literally means "process of viewing by oneself" examination of dead body with ones own eyes to determine cause of death and nature of disease

complete, through

⇒ diagnosis: process of determining the nature of a disease of illness by examination of the patient

⇒ diarrhea: condition in which feces are discharged from the bowels frequently and in a liquid form

within

⇒ endocrinologist: specialist

⇒ endocardium: with in the heart

above, upon

⇒ epigastric: above stomach

⇒ epidermis: layer above the dermis

out, outside of, outward

⇒ excision: process of cutting out

⇒ exocrine glands: which secrete out

excessive, above, more than normal

⇒ hyperthyroidism: condition of overactive thyroid gland (endocrine gland in the neck) creates a greater than normal amount of thyroxine (thyroid hormone, or T4).

⇒ because thyroxine causes cells to burn fuel and release energy, signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism are increased energy level and nervousness, tachycardia (increased heart rate), weight loss, and exophthalmos (bulging eyeballs)

deficient, below, under, less than normal

⇒ hypogastric: below the stomach

⇒ hypoglycemia: low blood sugar, in this term hypo- means deficient

into, in

⇒ incision: process of cutting into

surrounding, around

⇒ pericardium: membrane or tissue that surrounds the heart

⇒ suffix -um  means structure.

before, forward

back, backward, again

⇒ resection: process of cutting out

⇒ this is an operation in which tissue is "cut back" or removed

behind

⇒ retrocardiac: behind the heart

below, under

⇒ subhepatic: under the liver

across, through

⇒ transhepatic: through the liver