Earth and space Science final

States that Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into sections. These sections are called plates

• Divergent
• Transform
• Convergent

Alfred Wegener thought that the continents used to be together (Pangaea) and they moved apart horizontally to there current location.

• Similar rock formations
• Climate clues
•    Glaciers in Africa and coal in Scandinavia
• Mountains with very similar structure on both sides of the Atlantic
• Matching fossils on S. America and S. Africa
• They look like they fit together.

• Divergent boundary
• Transformation boundary
• Convergent boundary

when two plates move apart.

when two plates slide past each other. This area marked by cracking of the crust; many shallow earthquakes.

Two pieces of crust collide. There are three different types of convergent boundaries

• Oceanic - oceanic
• Oceanic - Continental
• Continental - Continental

• Crust
• Mantel
• The lower mantle
• Core
• Outer core
• Inner core

a layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and the ocean floor

mostly of rock like Basalt - a dark rock with fine texture

consists mainly of Granite rock - usually light in color and coarse texture

• The layer surrounding earth's core. The mantle consist of layers of very hot rock
•    Lithosphere and Asthenosphere

Beneath the asthenosphere is made up of solid rock and extends to Earth’s core

Deepest inside layer, made up of mostly nickel and iron

layer of molten metal (liquid)

a dense ball of solid metal (solid)

The solid inner core is made of mainly iron crystals with small amounts of nickel and heavier elements such as gold and platinum. The liquid outer core is a nickel iron alloy with small amounts of heavier elements

• oldest to youngest (young being on top)
• cenozoic era 
• mesozoic era 
• paleozoic era