What does PICO stand for and what is each of the letters asking?
Patient: what are the patient's demographics such as age, gender, ethnicity? Or what is the problem type
Intervention: What type of intervention is being considered? (ex: medication? exercise?)
Comparison or control: Is there a comparison treatment to be considered? Like with another medication?
Outcome: What is the desired effect you would like to see? effects are not wanted? Is there a different outcome with subjects vs. control groups?
What are the 5 A's in EBP?
1. Ask: PICO
2. Acquire: using the PICO question to get the best evidence by using a pertinent and well established database
3. Appraise: appraise the evidence by critically evaluating evidence for effectiveness and quality. Also need to assess validity, reliability and relevance.
4. Apply: Implement the useful findings in clinical practice, and interpret the information for your patients
5. Analyze or Audit: analyze the info, intervention and EBP process as a whole. Assess patient outcomes and satisfactions. Conduct a self-evaluation too.
Which of these are considered these BEST evidence for EBPs (select all that apply):
A. Textbooks
b. Meta-analysis
c. Individual research studies
d. Critically-appraised peer reviewed studies by universitie
e. Systematic reviews
In the hierarchy of evidence, which of these is considered the "Next Best" evidence, below Summaries of evidence?
B.
List in order from Best to worst evidence type using the Hierarchy of Evidence:
a. Critically-appraised individual articles
b. Individual expert opinion
c. Meta-analysis
d. Individual research studies
c, a, d, b
Give examples of Secondary resources
Systematic Reviews
Meta-analysis
Expert opinions
Evidence-based reports
Which class of recommendation is this (AHA)
The benefit is greater than or equal to the risk.
D. IIb
Procedure/tx may be considered.
Define each AHA Class:
1. Class I
2. Class IIa
3. Class IIb
4. Class III
1. Class I: Benefits greatly outweigh the risk. Tx SHOULD be done.
2. Class IIa: Benefits outweigh risks, but more studies should be done. It is REASONABLE to perform tx.
3. Class IIb: Benfits outweigh or equal to risks. Tx. may be considered.
4. Class III: No benefit or harm. Tx may not be useful.
What are the 3 QSEN competencies of EBP?
1. Knowledge: demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes, differentiate opinion from research, and describe the strength and relevance of available evidence
2. Skills:
What is the purpose of a PICO question?
Using PICO will allow you to search for the best articles in a concise manner.
Put these evidence sources in order from high to low, with systematic reviews of RCTs at top
- Single study descriptive or qualitative study
- single RCT (randomized controlled trial)
- single expert opinion
- case control studies
- controlled trials
- systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies
TOP: systematic reviews of RCTs
1. Single RCT (gold standard)
2. controlled tirals
3. case control study
4. systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies
5. single descriptive or qualitative studies
6. expert opinion
List the 5 nursing processes of research, starting with the first one, Assessment.
1. Assessment: Identify area of interest or clinical problem
2. Diagnosis: develop research question or hypotheses
3. Planning: determine how study will be conducted (select reseach design, sample size, etc.)
