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First Sunni caliph
Mu'awiyah
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second shi'I imam son of ali
Hassan b.‘Ali
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‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib
first shii imam
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Husayn b.‘Alī
third shi'I imam, famous because of Kurbula battle
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Muhammad b. Ismail
son of Sha'far al-Sadiq who was the 6th Shi'I imam, becomes the asas of the ismaili branch of shiism
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Asās
Foundation of the different branches of shiism
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Ismail
- 6th shii imam
- 6th of twelver Died before
- father
- He had a son
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nātiq/ṣāmit
- nātiq-someone who brings an open and clear message/
- ṣāmit-is a quiet messenger that has an unclear interpretation of a clear message
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zāhir
- Apparent meaning brought by
- natiq
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bātin
hidden meaning, ascoteric meaning brought bow the samit
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Fatimids
an ismaili dynasty with an isamili caliphate, built the city of cairo, creates a living imam
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Nizaris
a branch of ismaili shiites
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Agha Khan
present imam of the nazari ismaili shiites
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shafā‘ah (intercession)
intercession, that one's misdeeds can be offset by the intercession of one who has the authority to intercede on their behalf
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Ja’far al-Sadiq
- 6th in 12
- Father of ismail
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Safīr
the agent of the hidden imam in lesser occultation who brings his message. There were 4 safirs during the lesser occultation
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Lesser Occultation
imam is on earth but not visible to anybody except the safir
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260/874-329/941
period of the lesser occultation
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Greater Occultation
nobody in the community, not even a safir, has any further access to the imam
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329/941 to the present
period of the greater occulation
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Zayd b.‘Alī
founder of the Zaydi branch of shiism, son of the 4th imam, 5th imam who breaks off from the twelver line
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Three Main Shiite Groups
twelvers (imami), ismaeli, zaydis
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Ziyārah
pilgrimage made to the shrines of the imams
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Ashura
annual rememberance of kurubal and the slaughter of Husayn and his family
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Ghadeer Khum
pond where shia community says that Muhammad names Ali as his successor, Sunnis have a different interpretation of the meaning and weight of those statements
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nass
an explicit designation, what the shia community holds that Muhammad had done at Ghadeer Khum
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wilȳat al-faqīh/ velayat i-.faqih
not on exam- jurists can assume authority of the imam that allows for a shia islamic state in the absence of the infallible imam
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Siffin
battle between ali and mu'wiyah
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Muhammad the Awaited
the 12th imam
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Druze
offshoot of Ismaili Shiite branch who don't consider themselves muslims
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Nusayrī/
offshoot of ismailis, present rulers of syria
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Alawite
another word of nusayri used to get recognition as being shiia
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mahdī/qā’im
a figure told to return at the end of time. Sunni's see him as a distinct figure, shiites see him as the 12th imam returning
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Baha’ Allah
founder of bahai movement
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Bahai
offshoot of ismailis, present rulers of syria
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Revivalist Movements
those movements such as the salafi movements who want to revive movements by cleaning it up. Modernist reform movements want to reconcile tradition with modernity.
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Ayatollah Khomeini
leader of the iranian revolution and founder of the islamic republic of iran
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Khārijites
the group that assassinated ali
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Caliph / Sultan
Caliph: has religious authority. Must be of the Quraysh. Sultan: has power but no religious authority.
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Ottoman Empire
the abassid caliphate turns into the ottoman caliphate in the form of the ottoman empire
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1924
- establishment of the Republic of turkey, ruler of turkey abolishes the caliphate and establishes turkey as a secular republic and ends a universally recognized caliph.
- The US also passes the National Origins Act
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Sufi / tasawwuf
Tasawwuf is the arabic word.mystical element of islam, ranges from simple wanting to get closer to God to pantheism
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asceticism
self denial in rejecting desires to get closer to God
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mysticism (range)
range is important because those who are against sufism believe its all pantheism while defendents say its just about getting close to God.
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pantheism
the dividing line between creation and creator is abolished
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moral rectitude
type of sufism in which one trains themselves to control their passions and desires to what religion wants one to do
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Hassan al-Basri
early sufi of the ascetic type
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al-Muhasibi
known for mystical psych, it's not enough to crush the self but analyze the self. Name means "the accountant," as in holding oneself to account
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al-Junayd
leader of "sober sufism" introduces fana' and baqa'
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fana’ / baqa’
- fana': annihilation. of the self that blocks one from coming into direct knowledge of the divine.
- Baqa': continuity of that state of annihilation.
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“uns”
intimacy, seeking to transcend a purely conceptual understanding of God for a more emotional effective understanding of God
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ta’wil
allegorical interpretation,]
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Rābi‘ah al-Adawīyah
early female sufi famous for her love mysticism,
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al-Hallāj
executed for saying "I am the truth." leader of an ecstatic mysticism.
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al-Bastāmī
early sufi who said "nothing is in this cloak but God." not executed
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Ibn ‘Arabī
the muhammad ali of sufism, most influencial sufi. Famous for doctrine of wahdat al wujud
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wahdat al-wujūd
the unity of existence. We and God share in existence
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al-Ghazālī
wrote Revivification of the Religious Sciences. Reconciled sufism and orthodoxy
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Ibn Taymīyyah
a traditionalist hanabli theologian, an influencial critique of sufism especially as it veered toward patheism
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Qādirī/ Shādhilī/ Naqshabandī*
prominent Sufi orders
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Malāmitīyah
a sufi order that believed that public violations of islam bringing themselves condemnation of the people and crush their egos and realize closeness to God. "Malam" means blame.
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dhikr
a formal institutionalized way of remembering God
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kashf
disclosure, the aim of sufi is to uncover or disclose divine reality
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khallwah
seclusion, a way to train the self
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antinomianism
anti law, in the sufi contexting meaning there is a level of spiritual achievement that one can attain that they no longer need the law
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divine union
according to critiques of sufism this is pantheism
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shaykh/ murīd
sheikh is the spiritual master who trains the murid, the disciple. Some sufis believe that any murid without a master has satan as his master
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Salafi movement
movement by Muhammad abduh and Egypt
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Hassan al-Banna
founder of the brotherhood
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Muslim Brotherhood
a reform movement founded in masr
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Sayyid Qutb
famous egyptian member of the Muslim brotherhood and became chief ideologue. Put forth three concepts list below
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Jāhilīyah / hākimīyah/ jihad
- Jahiliyah: condemned Egyptian society for reverting back to pre-Islamic norms.
- Haikimiyah: only God has a right to dictate how they live.
- Jihad: duty to ensure that only God dictates how they are to live
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Islamic Modernism
a reform movement that sees modernity as a legitimate order and tries to reconcile islam with modernity
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Abu al-A’la al-Mawdūdī
founder of al jamaati islami
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Jamaati-Islami
founded in India, one cannot change society but through ideas power
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Gamā‘ah Islamīyah
a young radical jihadi movement that emerged in 1970s. Became part of jihad inc. would later renounce violence
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Jihad Inc. (Tanẓīm al-Jihād)
founded in 1981, a coalition of groups that assassinated Sadat
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al-Qa’idah
Al Qaeda, a movement lead by Osama bin Laden, dedicated to arresting enough power to be able to bring the change it wanted to see
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ISIS
a break off movement of Al-Qaeda more viscious than al Qaeda
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1929
founding brotherhood
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1941
founding of al gamaag
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1967
6 day war, al naksah, the setback. Its failure lead to revival of islamic movements
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1981
assassination of anwar sadat
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1965
- malcolm x assassinated
- ending National Origins Act
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1975
- elijah Muhammad dies:
- Renames to World Community of
- al-Islam in the West
- We no longer believe in the
- beliefs of the Nation of Islam
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Usamah b. Lādin Ayman al-Zawāhirī “naksah”
Aymin was osama's inheritor
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Radial Jihādī Movements “state of war”
state of war is a global situation in which the assumed relationship between nations or communities is one of peace. In a state of war you do not need a justification to invade because the state of war is the justification
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individualism/ choice/ equality/ consent
aspects of liberalism
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communalism/ duty/ hierarchy/ authority
aspects of traditionalism
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Aminah Wadud
black american muslim feminist who lead the first Friday prayer in world
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Muhammad Alexander Russell Webb
early white american convert
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Noble Drew Ali
founder of moorish science temple
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hijab
head covering, niqab is face covering
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communal conversion
possibility of mass conversion because being muslim and being a part of another community are not seen as contradictory
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veiling
refers to hijab, niqab, and segregation of the sexes in public spaces
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National Origins Act
only allowed immigrants from north west euroe
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B.A.S.p
Black Afro Saxon protestant, a new idea of being black
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5%
- 59ers- clarence 13
- x- declared himself god
Like the Wutang clan
Busta rhymes
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Moorish Science Temple
- Proto-Islamic- Using the
- vocabulary but not the subject of Islam
Noble Drew Ali
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W.D. Fard Muhammad
God in Human form
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