binds to the 30S subunit (prokaryotic) and distorts its structure interfering with the imitation of protein synthesis
streptomycin
bind to the 30S subunit (prokaryotic), blocking access of the aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosomal complex
tetracyclines
bears a structural resemblance to aminoacyl tRNA and becomes incorporated into the peptide chain causing inhibition of further elongation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Puromycin
inhibits prokaryotic peptidyltransferase and high level also inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis
Chloramphenicol
bind irreversibly to a site on the 50S subunit on the bacterial ribosome, thus inhibiting translocation
Clindamycin and Erythromycin
inactivates the eukaryotic elongation factor eEF-2 thus preventing translocation
Diphtheria toxin
major form of chromsomal DNA
Right handed helix
10 base pairs per 360* turn
B form of DNA
found in DNA-RNA (hybrid) and in double stranded RNA
formed by moderate dehydration of B form
right handed helix
11 base pairs per 360* turn
A form of DNA
Found in regions of DNA that contain alternating purines and pyrimidines
the deoxyribose phosphate backbone zig zags
It is a left handed helix
contains 12 BP per turn
Z form of DNA
Polymerase that transcribes rRNA genes in the nucleolus
RNA Polymerase I
polymerase that transcribes mRNA genes
RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase that transcribes tRNA genes
RNA polymerase III
what allows 30 species of tRNA to bind to 61 different codons
the wobble
in the wobble
tRNA:
G -->
U-->
I-->
A-->
C-->
C and U
A and G
U, C, and A
U
G
What are the three important differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation?
1. in prokaryotes transcription and translation are closely linked (can be like one right after the other or at the same time i think)
2. prokaryotes have a SHINE-DALGARNO sequence 6-10 bases upstream from the initiating start codon (THIS IS NOT A PROMOTER, but sends a message to ribosome that AUG is coming)
3. Prokaryotic mRNA is often polycistronic, while eukaryotic mRNA is NOT
what makes the peptide bone between AA in translation?
peptidyl transferase
a ribozyme
Vitamin K can act as an enzyme in which post-translational modification?
carboxylation of Glutamate to form gamma-carboxyglutamate