A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA
gene
the scientific study of hereditary and hereditary variation
genetics
Experimental genetics began in a/an __________
abbey garden
Modern genetics began with Gregor Mendel's quantitative experiments with ____ plants
pea
What are some examples of model organisms?
yeast
drosophila
rhesus
mouse
rat
alpysia
Define character:
an observable heritable feature
Define trait:
any detectable variation in a genetic character
Mendel chose pea plant characteristics where one _________ is dependent on one _________
characteristic, gene
In pea plants purple is ______ to white
dominant
In pea plants green is ______ to yellow
recessive
In pea plants round is ______ to wrinkled
dominant
The quantitative analysis of results observed in the F2 generation offspring led Mendel to discover the _______________ known as the ___________ and the __________
principles of heredity, law of segregation, law of independent assortment
Gene for flower color come from ____
alleles
Offspring inherit _____ allele(s) from each parent
one
The ______ allele determines appearance
dominant
Define the Law of Segregation
two alleles for each character segregate from each other into different gametes
What is an allele?
alternative forms of a gene
Alternative forms of a gene (allele) reside at
the same locus on homologous chromosomes
What does genotype determine?
phenotype
What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
alleles assort independently during gamete formation
When does the segregation of alleles take place?
Anaphase I of Meiosis
When is the multiplication rule used? (punnett square)
when trying to calculate the probability of multiple traits in multiple punnett squares
When is the addition rule used? (punnett square)
When trying to calculate the probability of one trait in a single punnett square