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functions of water
- Transport
- Structural support
- Participates in metabolic reactions
- Solvent
- Lubricant
- Body temperature regulation
- Maintains blood volume
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Fluid between the cells
Intercellular
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Fluid within the cell
Intracellular
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fluid within the blood vessels
Intravascular
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regulate flow of fluids and ions
Proteins
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when 1-2 percent of body weight is lost due to dehydration, symptom such as can occure
Thirst, fatigue, weakness, vague discomfor, loss of appetite
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when 3-4 percent of body weight is lost due to dehydration, symptom such as can occure
Impaired physical performance, dry mouth, reduction in urine, flushed skin, impatience, apathy
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when 5-6 percent of body weight is lost due to dehydration, symptom such as can occure
Difficulty in concentrating, headache, irritability, leepine, impaired temperature,regulation, increaed respiartory rate
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When 7-10 percent of body weight is lost due to dehydration, symptoms such as, can occure
dizziness, spastic muscle, loss of balance, delirium, exhaution, collape
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calculation for water need
- .5 cups per 100 kcal expended
- athletes .75
- 1 cup = 125 ml
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Oral rehydration thereapy
- half tsp of salt
- 2 Tbsp of sugar
- 1 L clean water
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needed in the diet in amounts greater than 100 mg per day or are present in the body i amounts greater than 0.01 percent of body weight
Major Minerals
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are required in the diet in amounts less than 100 mg per day or are present in the body in amounts less than 0.01 percent of body weight
Trace Minerals
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the most abundant mineral in the body
consists of 1-2 percent of adult body weight
Calcium
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provides the structure to bones and teeth and has important regulatory roles
calcium
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affects over 33 percent of american
Sodium restriction does decrease BP slightly
Hypertensions
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minimum requirement for adults (Sodium)
500 Mg per day
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Principal intracellular cation
Maintains normal fluid and electrolyte balance
Facilitates many reaction
Supports cell integrity
Assists in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contractions
Potassium
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Sources of Potassium
- All whole foods
- meat, milk, fruit, vegatables, grains, legumes
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Magnesium RDA and functions
- 310 to 400 mg per day
- Bone mineralization, building of protein, enzyme action, normal muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, maintenance of teeth and functioning of immune system
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Functions of iron in the body
- Part of the protein hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood
- Par of the protein myoglobin in muscles, which makes oxygen available for muscle contraction
- Necessary for the utilization of energy as part of the cells metabolic machinery
- Cofactor to enzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions
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RDA for Iron
- Men 8 mg per day
- women 19-50 18 mg per day
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who is most at risk for Iron deficiency
- Women in their reproductive years
- Pregnant women
- Infants and young children
- Teenagers
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functions of zinc in the body
- Par of many enzymes-especially metalloenzymes
- Associated with the hormone insulin
- Involved in making genetic material and proteins, immune reactions, transport of vitamin A, taste perception, wound healing, the making of sperm, and the normal development of the fetus
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Zinc Deficiency Symptoms
Growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, impaired immune function, hair loss, eye and skin lesions, loss of appetite
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Sources of Zinc
- Protein-containing foods
- Red meats, shellfish
- Whole grains
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RDA of iodine
150 micrograms a day
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functions of Iodine
A comonent of two thyroid hormones that help to regulate growth, development, and metabolic rate
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Significant sources of flouride
Drinking flouride containing water
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Deficiency symptoms
Susceptibility to tooth decay
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Toxicity of Flouride
Fluorosis (pitting and discoloration of teeth)
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