The following is a list of some of the structures of the respiratory tree:
1. secondary bronchi,
2. Bronchioles,
3. alveolar ducts,
4. primary bronchi,
5. respiratory bronchioles,
6. Alveoli,
7. terminal bronchioles.
The order in which air passes through these structures beginning at the trachea is:
4,1,2,7,5,3,6
increase or dicrease
1.Swimming under water without scuba or snorkel?
2.Panting?
3.increase H+?
4.Holding ones breath
5.increase CO2?
Right or left shift?
1.Fever?
2.increase pH?
3.increase in DPG?
4.increase in CO2?
5.increase in H= ion concentration?
6.increase temperature?
7.An increase in altitude?
The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in
D)
The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is
B)
The walls of the alveoli are composed of 2 types of cells, type 1 and 2 the cell of type 2 is
a.to secrete surfactant
Immunity that results from the natural exposure to an antigen in the environment is called
C)
Adaptive, innate, or innate and adaptive?
1.memory cells?
2.CD4 & CD8 cells?
3.skin and mucous membranes?
4.complement and interferon?
1. adaptive 2. adaptive 3. innate 4.adaptive and innate
Match.
1.Part of MALT found in the wall of ileum?
2.Part of MALT...
3. Part of MALT, found attached to cecum-
1. payer's patch 2. tonsils 3. appendix
Which muscle contracts during exercise to cause the moment of label 6?
A. rectus abdominis and internal intercostal
A student inhales as deeply as possible and then blows the air out until he cannot exhale any more, the amount of air that he expelled would be his?
A. vital capacity
About 95% of the volume of each RBC
A. erythrocyte 95% of the volume of the formal elements
Binds loosely and reversible to oxygen?
A. hemoglobin
Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported by?
A. hemoglobin
A fibrous protein that gives shape to an RBC plasma membrane.
spectrin
The respiratory membrane consists primarily of?
simple squamous epithelium
The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ________ center.
DRG & VRG
Helper T-cell
promote activation & proliferaction of other T-cells
Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis?
B)
Air entering the body is filtered, warmed and humidified by the?
upper respiratory tract
Air and food are routed into the proper channels by the ________.
C) larynx
Serves as a common passageway for food and air
oropharynx
The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the _____ cells.
C)
In quiet breathing,
A) inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions.
B) inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions.
C) inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.
D) inspiration and expiration are both passive.
E) inspiration is deep and forceful.
C. inspiration involves muscular contraction and expiration passive
The partial pressure of oxygen in pulmonary artery is approximately
A) 100 mm Hg.
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the pulmonary artery is approximately
B) 45 mm Hg.
What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?
C)
Anatomically lymph vessels resemble
medium veins
The following steps in the cell meditated immune response?
241536
intrapulmonary pressure s the?
pressure within the alveoli of the lungs
Tidal volume is/in air?
A. Exchanged during normal breathing
When the diaphgram and external intercostal muscles contract
The volume of the thoracic cavity increases
Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues?
C)
The chloride shifts occurs when?
A. Biacarbonate ions leave the RBC
As red blood cells age ________.
B)
The partial pressure of oxygen in systolic aerial blood is approximately?
75% and 100 mmHg
What is surfacant?
surface tension... oil secretion helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing
Universal donor?
A. A
B. B
C AB+
D.O+
E. none of the above
E
The thymus is most active during?
A. childhood
The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________.
A.
Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is bound to?
Hemoglobin
Pulmonary ventilation refers to the
Movement of air into and out of the lungs
Immunity that results from antibodies that pass through the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity.
A) active
B) naturally acquired passive
C) passive
D) auto
E) innate
B. naturally pass
The larynx is composed of ___ cartilages
9
The most important chemical regulator of respiration is
A)
Which of the following is not a type of T-cell?
Antigenic
Prolonged deep inspirations can result from stimulating the ________ center.
C.
Which is not a cardial sign of inflammation?
Movement
2) Which of the following is
associated with passive immunity?
B)
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in systemic artorial blood s?
40 mmHg
Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than oxygen. To get the same amount of oxygen to dissolve in plasma as carbon dioxide, you would have to
C)
The only T-cells that can directly attack and kill other cells are?
Cytotoxic cells
The pleurae are vital to the integrity of the lungs because ________.
D) they produce a lubricating serous secretion, allowing the lungs to glide over the thorax wall during breathing
Bone Picture!!!!
1. Area where the B cells become immunocompetent? C
2. Area where T cells become immunocompetent? B
3. Area where acivated immunocompetent B and T cell re-circulate? E
4. Area where antigen challenge and clonal selection are most likely t occur? D
1.C 2.B 3.E 4.D
The cells responsible for production of circulatory antibodes are ____ cells?
Plasma cells
Mucosa of the upper respiratory tract is ciliated
Cilia sweep dust and bacteria laden mucus awat from lower respiratory pasages