-
ANS regulates?
internal organs and adapts them to the need of the moment
-
Internal Milieu?
- chemical parameters (pH,O2,CO2)
- Physical parameters (blood pressure, temperature)
-
How are the ANS and the SNS separated?
- In the PNS they are almost entirely separated
- In the CNS they are intimately connected
-
Divisions of the autonomic nervous system
- Sympathetic division "Fight or Flight"
- Parasympathetic division "Regeneration"
-
Sympatheticus ______ and the Parasympatheticus _______
speeds up, slows down
-
-
-
stimulates salivation
para
-
-
-
increases heart activity
sym
-
-
constricts blood vessels
sym
-
stimulates digestion
para
-
contracts smooth muscle
sym
-
-
liver:stimulates glucose production and release
sym
-
pancreas,gall bladder: stimulates release of bile
sym
-
Distal large intestine:increase tonus, relaxes sphincter
para
-
stimulates sweat glands
sym
-
contracts urinary bladder, relaxes sphincter
para
-
stimulates penile errection
para
-
stimulates sweat glands
sym
-
adrenal medulla:secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
sym
-
relaxes urinary bladder
sym
-
stimulates ejaculation
sym
-
Primary parasympathetic neurotransmitters for preganglionic receptors and postganglionic receptors
acethylcholine for both preganglionic and postganglionic receptors
-
What is the preganglionic parasympathetic receptor called?
cholinergic
-
what is the postganglionic neuron receptor called?
cholinergic
-
nicotine mimics what neurotransmitter?
acetylcholine
-
muscarine mimics what neurotransmitter?
acetylcholine
-
Where are muscarine receptors located?
all postganglionic parasympathetic neurons and cholinergic sympathetic neurons
-
Where are nicotine receptors located?
- all preganglionic: sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons
- motor endplates synapses of skeletal muscle
-
Parasympathomimetic agents and therapy
- Nicotene: therapies;emectica, stomach wash-out, artificial respiration, cardiovascular agents, muscle relaxant agents
- Muscarine: therapies; atropine
-
-
Atropine action,
blocks muscarinic receptors, extremely high doses block nicotinic receptors
-
Atropine pharmacologic effects
tachycardia, relaxation of GI tract, dilation of bronchioles, madras's, anhydrotic effect on glands
-
Atropine clinical uses
preanaestic medication: prevents bradycardia
-
Atropine toxicity
interspecies variation:herbivores are generally more resistant than carnivores
-
Curarine agents action
prevents the depolarization of postsynaptic membrane of the motor end plate MUSCLE PARALYSIS
-
Why can you meat poisoned by Curare
poor resorption of curarine
-
Curarine
clinical use derivates of curarine used as peripheral muscle relaxant in intravenous anesthesia
-
What kind of receptors do the preganglionic neuron have? postganglionic?
cholinergic, adrenergic (some cholinergic)
-
Adrenergic receptors bind
norepinephrine and epinephrine
-
Adrenergic receptor classifications
alpha and beta
-
How many kinds of alpha receptors?Beta receptors?
2 alpha, 3 beta
-
Norepinephrine binds better to ______?
alpha receptors
-
Epinephrine binds better to ________
Beta receptors
-
-
Epinephrine clinical significance
- adjuvents to local anaesthetics
- (constriction of bloodvessels which in turn extends the duration of local anaesthesia)
-
Amphetamine action
- pronounced stimulation of the CNS (alertness, euphoria, loss of fatigue)
- peripheral alpha and beta effects (similar to norepinephrine)
- effects diminish after repeated application
- abuse as doping agent(habit formation)
-
Sympatholytic agents
- alpha blockers
- beta blockers
-
alpha blocker clinical use
treatment of peripheral vasospasm
-
beta blocker types
- selective B1, B2, or B3
- non-selective B1,B2, and B3
-
Beta 1 blocker (atenolol)
Heart: prophylaxis and agina pectoris, arrhythmias
|
|
