Network Exam Prep

• A hub passes information to all hosts on the network.
• A switch passes information to only the designated hosts on the network.

• HyperText Transfer Protocol
• Port 80

• HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
• Port 443

• File Transfer Protocol
• Port 20 and 21

• Secure Shell
• Port 22

• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
• Issues address upon connection to the network with a lease period.

• Transmission Control Protocol
• Establishes a connection before data is exchanged and allows sequencing to verify messages are in the proper order.

• User Datagram Protocol
• Does not establish a connection or sequencing; instead it focuses on speed of transmission.

• Internet Control Message Protocol
• Tells systems when they are trying to connect remotely if the other end is available.

• Domain Name System
• The internet's phonebook

• Keeps stuff from here talking to stuff over there
• The bouncer of a network

a proxy server caches the contents of websites and handles the heavy lifting of access and retrieval for users. Proxy servers can also maintain a list of blacklisted and whitelisted websites so as to prevent users from getting easily preventable infections.

• A subnet mask dictates the size of the network.
• Allows networks to be split in to logical sections.

A workgroup is a collection of systems each with their own rules and local user logins tied to that particular system. A Domain is a collection of systems with a centralized authentication server that tells them what the rules are.

• Allows you to see exactly what routers you touch as you move along the chain of connections to your final destination.
• ICMP protocol

• Intrusion Detection System
• two basic variations: Host Intrusion Detection Systems and Network Intrusion Detection Systems.

a very small and versatile utility that allows for connections on nearly any port.

Allow you to set up your network so that each port on a switch only permits one (or a number that you specify) computer to connect on that port by locking it to a particular MAC address.

• Address Resolution Protocol
• allows for the mapping of IP addresses to MAC addresses.

a versioning system in place on Windows operating systems.

allow for specific traffic to be automatically forwarded on to a particular destination.

When trying to copy elements from areas that have restricted permissions, or when trying to copy files to an area that has restricted permissions, you may get this error which basically means “Access denied”.

• Forest: A collection of trees is bundled together into a Forest.
• Tree: A tree is a collection of domains bundled together by a common domain trunk, rules, and structure. 
• Domain: A Domain is a collection of these organizational Unit's as well as the policies and other rules governing them.

• Simple Network Management Protocol
• SNMP enabled devices broadcast information about possible errors that can be picked up by programs that know what to look for.

• 127.0.0.1 or localhost
• Verifies that TCP/IP is configured correctly on the NIC.

• Seven layers:
• Physical
• Data Link
• Network
• Transport
• Session
• Presentation
• Application

The maximum length is 100 meters which includes 90 meters of cable between the patch panel and the wall jack plus 5 meters on each side of stranded cable from the jack to the device.

• Deals with routing, switching, and transmission of data from one point to another.
• Also responsible for error handling and packet sequencing.

• Tracert
• Allows information about the route used to reach the server including routers or switches passed through.

• a command that determines: TCP/IP settings, DHCP configuration, DNS, Default Gateway, and Subnet mask.
• Also able to change DHCP settings including /release and /renew

• Virtual Private Network
• Allows users to connect privately to a network over a public network.

A network gateway joins two networks together and a network firewall protects a computer network against unauthorized incoming or outgoing access. Network firewalls may be hardware devices or software programs.

The primary function of a firewall is to prevent/control traffic flow from an untrusted network (outside). A firewall is not able to detect an attack in which the data is deviating from its regular pattern, whereas an IPS can detect and reset that connection as it has inbuilt anomaly detection.

Packet filtering is the process of permitting or blocking ip packets based on source and destination addresses, ports, or protocols.

Verifies connectivity between two nodes on a network.

Queries DNS servers and provides the ability to manage the settings for accessing those servers.

Displays TCP/IP statistics and details about TCP/IP components and connections on a host.

Provides a way of obtaining information from an manipulating a device's ARP table.

Plenum cabling.

• Confidentiality
• Integrity
• Availability

subnetmask.info