Human AP Chapter 13

links the CNS to the body and to the external enviroment

The two main divisions of the PNS and their sub divisions

detects sensory information from the skin and structures of the musculoskeletal system

detects internal sensory information from organs withing the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities

responsible for the body's voluntary motor functions

responsible for maintaining many aspects of homeostasis through its control of th body's involuntay motor functions.

The two divisions of the autonomic motor system

the fight or flight division of the ANS

The rest and digest division of the ANS

what are the main organs of the PNS

nerves that contain both sensory and motor neuron

containing motor neurons from the anterior horn

a collection of cell bodies in the PNS is called a

attach to the brain and mainly innervate structures of the head and neck

the motor and sensory axons making up a nerve are held together by a connective tissue sheath called the

within the nerve axons are fascicles which are in turn bound by another connective tissue sheath  called the

each axon within a fascicle is surrounded by its own connective tissue sheath

axons end in the primary olfactory area of temporal lobe
sensory nerve

acronym for cranial nerves

cranial nerves smb acronym

visual info from the retina sent through optic nerve
crosses hemisphere at optic chiasma
through optic tract

Controls extrinsic muscles of the eyes and eyelids

controls superior oblique muscle of the eye
smallest cranial nerve

causes abduction (lateral rotation) of eye

Largest cranial nerve
s Touch pain temp
m mastication
3 branches opthalmic, maxillary, mandible

S; taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
M; facial expression, glandular secretion

S; BALANCE, VESTIBULAR BRANCH
S; hearing, cochlear branch

M; controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius msucles

M; speech and swallowing

S; taste, blood preassure, chemoreception
M; salivation

S; multiple visceral sensory inputs
M; innervates smooth and cardiac muscles
M; innervates skeletal muscle, swallowing, vocalization, coughing

Ramus =

spinal nerves branch after exiting

meningeal branch re-enters at the

Controls deep muscles and skin of back

most form plexuses, 
supply the anterior surface limbs

Formed from anterior rami of nerves C1-C4 and part of C5
partial connection with hypoglossal nerve

(c3-c4); supplies skin on superior chest and shoulder

c3- c5 supplies the diaghragm, keeps the body alive

formed from anterior rami of c5-c8, T1
Most of the nerve supply to shoulder and upper limbs

Injury to superior roots of the brachial plexus

Injurty to radial and axillary nerves of brachial plexus

Injury to median nerve of brachial plexus

Injury to Ulnar nerve would result in the

Formed by anterior rami of L1-L4

L2 and L4 flexor of muscle in hip 
Extensor muscle of knee
Skin partial of thigh, leg and foot

part of Lumbar Plexus
Adductor muscles of hip
Skin of medial thigh

inabiity to extend leg, less of sensation would be and injury to

Inability to adduct thigh, loss of sensation would be result of and injury to

formed by anterior rami of L4-L5, S1-S4 
Contains the sciatic nerve, supplies the buttocks, perineum, lower limbs

Largest nerve in the body, often injured

Formed by anterior rami of S4-S6 and coccygeal nerves

neuronal circuits; includes receptor sensory neuron, integrating neuron motor neuron and effector

Modifies muscle fibers
-detect stretch, length, and position

- monitor tension

as far as skeletal muscle reflexes go, sensory information is obtained from what

Controls muscle length; tone

Causes relaxation when tension is too hight

protective flexor muscles contract to avoid pain or njury