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What is systematic desensitization?
Deconditions anxiety through reciprocal inhibition by pairing responses incompatible with anxiety to previously anxiety-arousing stimuli
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According to Skinner, what is behavior regulated by?
consequences
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Why is operant conditioning so effective with children?
because parents have control of their rewards and punishment
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What does cognitive-behavioral therapy emphasize?
the needs for attitude change to promote behavior modification
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According to Beck's cognitive mediation model, emotions and actions are mediated by what?
specific cognitions
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What is the role of rational emotive therapists?
- to help family members see how illogical beliefs serve as the foundations for their emotional distress
- uses the ABC theory
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what is the basic premise of behaviorism?
behavior is maintained by consequences
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what does the theory of social exchange emphasize?
that people strive to maximize rewards and minimize costs in relationships
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What is the central tenant of the cognitive approach?
that our interpretations of other people's behavior affects the way we respond to them?
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What are schema?
core beliefs
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According to behavior exchange theory, what constitutes a good relationship?
giving and getting are balanced, or a high ratio of benefits to costs
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How do behaviorists view symptoms?
- as learned response
- they look for specific responses that reinforce problem behavior
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which type of reinforcement is the most resistant to extinction?
intermittent reinforcement
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What are three major determinants of marital unhappiness?
- aversive control-crying
- nagging
- withdrawing
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according to cognitive behaviorists, when are the schemas that plague relationships learned?
in the process of growing up
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what is the process of change in CBT?
positive change occurs through altering dysfunctional thought patterns
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what are the goals of therapy for CBT?
to extinguish undesired behavior and reinforce positive alternatives
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what is the basic premise of behavior therapy?
behavior will change when the contingencies or reinforcement are altered
done through
- identifying behavior goals
- learning theory techniques for achieving these goals
- social reinforcers to facilitate the process
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what is the primary approach in behavior parent training?
operant conditioning
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what are the 5 operant techniques used?
- shaping
- token economies
- contingency contracting
- contingency management
- time-outs
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what is the premack principle?
high probability behavior is chosen to reinforce behavior with a low probability of occurrence
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what is the most widely used punishment for preadolescent children?
time-outs
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what is the most ineffective way to change behavior?
simply repeating commands
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what are the goals of cognitive behavioral assessment?
- identify strengths and problems
- place in the context of developmental stages
- identify cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of family interaction that me be targeted for intervention
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what is necessary for cognitive interventions to be effective?
specific cognitive distortions must be uncovered, and clients must learn to test their own assumptions
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Cognitive distortions: arbitary inference
conclusions are drawn in the absence of supporting evidence
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Cognitive distortions: selective abstraction
certain details are highlighted while other information is ignored
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Cognitive distortions: overgeneralization
isolated incidents are taken as general patterns
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Cognitive distortions: magnification and minimization
the significance of events in unrealistically magnified or diminished
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Cognitive distortions: personalization
events are arbitrarily interpreted in reference to oneself
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Cognitive distortions: dichotomous thinking
black or white thinking
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Cognitive distortions: labeling and mislabeling
behavior is attributed to undesirable personality traits
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Cognitive distortions: mind reading
knowing what others are thinking
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