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Clues in phenotypes
- Recently transfused?
- S-s- may be U-
- P1 may be P- or Vel-
- M-N- may be Ena-
- Negative for both common alleles may be have a null phenotype
- Group O may be H-
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Problem solving options
- Test selected cells negative for high incidence Ag's.
- Inhibition or neutralization studies
- Adsorption and elution to separate antibodies
- Chemical or enzyme treatments
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Clues in phenotypes
- Vel- are also sometimes P1-
- RBCs Ena- or MkMk phenotypes (which lack glycophorin A type as Wr(a-b-)
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Only positive with DTT/AET
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Negative for all chemicals & enzymes
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Positive with DTT/AET & a-chymotrypsin
-
Positive with DTT/AET & Trypsin
*Variable with Ficin/papain
S & s
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Positive with Trypsin
Variable with DTT/AET
YT
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Positive with DTT/AET, a-chymotrypsin, & trypsin
EnaFS
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Positive with Ficin/papain
Variable with DTT/AET
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Positive with Papain
Variable with Ficin
KN
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Positive with Ficin/Papain
Weak with a-chymotrypsin
DO
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Positive with Ficin/Papain, Trypsin
Weak with DTT/AET
CROM
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Positive with ficin/papain, trypsin, & DTT/AET
Some DI
-
Positive with ficin/papain, trypsin, &
Pos or weak with a-chymotrypsin
LW
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Positive with all
May be weak with Trypsin and a-chymotrypsin
SC
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Positive with Trypsin, papain/ficin, a-chymotrypsin
- Kel
- *Except KALT which is destroyed by trypsin
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Positive for all
- ABO,
- AnWj, Sda
- ENaFR, U, P1PK, RH, LE, FY3, JK,
- most DI, CO,
- H, Ge3, OK, I/I,
- P, FORS, JR, LAN, CSa, ER, LKE, PX2, Vel, ABTI, Ata, EMM, PEL,MAM
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Positive for all with * Enhanced activity with DTT/AET
Kx
-
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Black common antibody marker
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Japanese common antibody marker
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HTLA
*Obsolete name*
High Titer Low Avidity Antibodies
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Do not use HTLA anymore, however others may, so be familiar with those that have those characteristics
- Chido/Rodgers
- Knops
- Dombrock
- Cost
- John Milton Hagen
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