short PR, long QRS, delta wave (slurred upstroke in QRS in V2 and V3)
May be left alone untreated if asymptomatic. Fusion beat.
Wolff Parkinson White
can be seen in normal hearts-made worse by caffeine,alcohol, stress
premature ventricular contractions
Eliminating this condition does not improve but rather may cause mortality. Can try beta blockers.
premature ventricular contractions
Can be caused by acidosis,ischemia,hypokalemia,chf. Can be asymptomatic and then leads to sudden cardiac death
sustained v tach
Ventricular escape. Accelerated idioventricular rhythm. QRS > .10s, no P waves, rate below 40/min.
Left anterior fascicular block
Deep S waves in leads III and V6. Q wave seen in leads I and aVL
thickened arterioles with less red coloring from blood
silver wiring effect in long standing htn
LV Dilatation, chronic pressure overload, Mid-Late Systolic murmur. L sternal border >>> carotid. Decrease A2. Presence S4. Decrease amplitude carotid upstroke (parvus tardus? Stroke goes up slow, goes down slow)
Rheumatic calficiation of mitral valve
chronic aortic insufficiency caused by
chronic volume overload-eccentric hypertrophy
Widened Pulse Pressure, Diastolic Murmur At L sternal border, LV Heave, Soft S1, Fixed S2 (incomplete closure of Aortic Valve). Head
bobbing with heartbeat, Pistol shot femoral artery. Nail bed pulsation from capillaries, Rapid rise and fall of pulse amplitude
Loud S1, Opening Snap. EKG-left atrium enlarged, notched P wave(p mitrale—p wave looks like an “n”), Afib, RVH
rheumatic mitral stenosis
leads to volume overload state. Increased LA volume>>>increased LV Preload>>>Increased SV>>>LV dilatation. Rapid elevation of pulm pressures (acute). Displaced PMI, Blowing systolic murmur radiating to axilla, S3, RV heave,V wave
mitral regurg
Usually caused by Rheumatic fever & always associated w/ Carcinoid. Large A wave in JV pulse, Loud S1, Low pitched diastolic rumble, increasing with inspiration
tricuspid stenosis
murmur for pulmonic insufficiency, secondary to pulmonary htn. Diastolic, descend
graham steel murmur
Decreases most heart sounds and murmurs except increase HCM (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) and MVP (mitral valve prolapse)
valsalva
Action of digoxin/digitalis (cardiac glycosides)
blocks NaK ATPase. intracellular conc of Na and Ca increase --> incr contractility
reversible ST Segment Depression, T wave inversion