Test 3 Mr Duran

During acute alveolar hyperventilation, the blood
I. PCO2 increases
II. H2CO3 decreases
III. HCO3 increases
IV. pH decreases

In the healthy individual in the upright position, the

I. V/Q (Ventilation to Prefusion) ratio is the highest in the lower lung regions
II. PaO2 is lowest in the lower lung regions
III. V/Q ratio is the lowest in the upper lung regions
IV. PaCO2 is highest in the lower lung regions

During which part of the cardiac cycle does most coronary perfusion occur?

The mitral (bicuspid) valve does which of the following?

What is the primary effect of parasympathetic stimulation over the atria?

The semilunar (pulmonary and aortic) valves do which of the following?

Which of the following are the basic mechanisms that explain venous return?

I. Muscular “milking” of leg veins containing one-way valves
II. Sympathetic venous constriction
III. Cardiac pumping action, creating a “cardiac suction”
IV. Subatmospheric intrathoracic pressures during breathing

During exercise, cardiac output increases dramatically, but mean arterial blood pressure rises very little. Why is this so?

Which of the following terms describes the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

The underlying goal of the body's cardiovascular control mechanisms is to ensure that all tissues receive which of the following?

Which of the following physical signs are consistent with right ventricular failure?
I. Hepatomegaly
II. Jugular venous distension
III. Ascites
IV. Pedal edema

Which of the following statements are consistent with the response of baroreceptors to high blood pressure?
I. The cardioregulatory center slows the heart rate.
II. The carotid and aortic baroreceptors transmit impulses through the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.
III. Impulses are sent to the brain’s vasomotor and cardioregulatory centers.
IV. The vasomotor center causes vasodilation.

What is the loose membranous sac that encloses the heart?

Most of the muscle mass of the heart is located in which chamber?

The parasympathetic system

What substance deactivates acetylcholine?

When the impulse is being transmitted out from the CNS to the portion of the body that is to be influenced, it is called

Which of the following cause blood clotting at a traumatized site?

Which of the following cause(s) pulmonary vasoconstriction?
I. Hypercapnia
II. Hypoxia
III. Acidemia
IV. Increased H+ concentration

Which part of the neuron carries the impulse towards the cell body?

A complete absence of spontaneous ventilation is called

Anatomic dead space is best described as

An individual anatomic dead space ventilation increases in response to a/an
I. Increased tidal volume
II. Decreased ventilatory rate
III. Increased ventilatory rate
IV. Decreased tidal volume

Approximately the last 40 percent of a forced vital capacity is effort independent.

A rapid rate of breathing is called

At sea level, the alveolar water vapor pressure is normally about

Cartilage is found in which of the following structures of the tracheobronchial tree?
I. Bronchioles
II. Respiratory bronchioles
III. Segmental bronchi
IV. Terminal brinchioles

During the effort-dependent portion of an FVC, the more muscular effort generated, the greater the flow rate will be.

From which of the following structures do the lungs first arise during embryonic life?

In what week does surfactant start to appear in the fetal lung?

Oxygenated blood enters the inferior vena cava of the fetus by flowing through the:

The horizontal fissure separates the

The inferior portion of the larynx is composed of the

The lung segment called the superior lingula is found in the

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Which of the following is/are accesory muscles of inspiration?
I. Trapezius muscles
II. Internal abdominis obliquus muscles
III. Scalene muscles
IV. Transversus abdominis muscles

Which of the following has the most powerful effect on the respiratory components of the medulla (chemoreceptors)?

Which of the following statements are true of the sinoatrial node?
I. It is embedded in the right atrial muscle.
II. It is near the superior vena cava.
III. It initiates the electrical impulses that produce sequential atrial and ventricular contraction.
IV. It is near the right ventricle.

Which of the following is the main type of adrenergic receptor in the heart?

Which of the following are consistent with the definition of hypertension?
I. Diastolic pressure of approximately 90 mm Hg
II. Diastolic pressure of 80 mm Hg and systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg
III. Mean arterial pressure greater than 110 mm Hg at rest
IV. Systolic pressure of approximately 135 to 140 mm Hg

Which of the following are the major adaptations to impairments in the cardiovascular system?
I. Left ventricular hypertrophy
II. Increased heart rate
III. Increased atrial contribution to diastolic filling
IV. Decreased vascular resistance

Cholinergic refers to

Which of the following peripheral chemoreceptors has the greatest influence over the respiratory centers?

What is the PAO2 of a person breathing room air at sea level, with a PaCO2 equal to 40 mm Hg?

During fetal life, blood enters the left atrium by passing through the:

Which of the following structures comprise a functional aspect of the mucociliary blanket in the tracheobronchial?
I. Goblet cells
II. Submucosal glands
III. The vagus nerve
IV. Macrophages

When lung compliance decreases, the patient commonly manifests
I. an increased ventilatory rate
II. a decreased tidal volume
III. an increased tidal volume
IV. a decreased ventilatory rate

The average lung compliance of the newborn is about:

Ninety-five percent of the alveolar surface is composed of which of the following?
I. Type I cells
II. Granular pneumocytes
III. Type II cells
IV. Squamous pneumocytes

The normal heart rate of the newborn is :

About how many primitive alveoli are present at birth?

It is estimated that , at birth, the lungs are partially inflated with liquid approximately equal to the newborn's:

Which of the following gas laws states that in a mixture of gases the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of each gas?

The normal I : E ratio is

When arranged for flow (V), Poiseuille's law states that V is
I. inversely proportional to r4
II. directly proportional to P
III. inversely proportional to length and viscosity
IV. a decreased ventilatory rate

Which of the following carries oxygenated blood to the fetus?

The difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure is called the driving pressure

Which of the following prevents the aspiration of foods and liquids?

The average compliance of the lungs and chest wall combined is

The average airway resistance of the newborn is about:

Approximately the last 40 percent of a forced vital capacity is effort independent

The approximate tidal volume of the newborn is about:

Which of the following structures becomes the ligamentum teres after birth?

Which type of cell exhibits the function of producing pulmonary surfactant?

Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood

Pulmonary surfactant is most likely secreted by which of the following?

An adrenergic effect is one that is a result of stimulation of the ______ system

Adrenergic nerve fibers include

Overall the normal V/Q ratio is about

If the kidneys excrete excess H+ ions in the urine which of the following will occur?

All of the following are functions of the respiratory system except:

The sympathetic nervous system would cause which of these?

Which of the following is (are) true about the term systole?
I. Refers to contraction
II. Pressure in chamber will be lower during systole
III.Pressure in a chamber will be higher during systole
IV. refers to filling

Which of the following empties urine into the bladder?

Sodium is mostly reabsorbed in the

Which of the following is an index commonly used to determine relative lung maturity?

What can be caused by the release of histamine and other chemical mediators from the mast cells in the submucosa of the airways?
I. Vasodilation
II. Vasoconstriction
III. Bronchoconstriction

The primary functions of the nose is to do the following to inspired air:
I. Filter Air
II. Warm inspired Air
III.Humitify
IV.Sterlize Air

The chemical substance manufactured within the cell is called

Osmosis it passage of ________ through a membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations from region of ________ concentration to regions of _______ concentration to equalize.

Inhalation of cyanide causes

The kidneys are located against

Stoppage of breathing would occur with a severance of

The urine produced by the healthy kidney has a specific gravity of about

Where are the central centers responsible for regulating the cardiovascular system located?

What is the overall effect of ADH?

Most fibers of the sympathetic system release _________ as a transmitter.

Water usually follows a reabsorption of

The lung serves as all of the following except which one?

What percentage of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood?

Which of the following is not a common symptom of hypoxia?

Which of the following CO2 transport mechanisms carries the majority of the CO2 from the tissues to the lungs reversibly bound to

Which of the following HCO3 to H2CO3 ratios represent a normal pH?

An acid is a substance that donates __________ and therefore increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution that causes the numerical value of the _______to _______.
I. increase
II. decrease
III. pH
IV. H+ V. blood

Glomerular filtration is diretly proportional to the patient's

What are the first arteries branching off the aorta?

The fetus is potentially viable if born prematurely after how many weeks gestation?

The normal calculated anatomic shunt is about

Which of the following are structures that compose the nephron?
I. Bowman’s capsule
II. Proximal convoluted tubule
III. Loop of Henle
IV. Collecting duct

Normal urine production per minute is approximately

Hypoxia in a patient suffering from congestive heart failure is due to:

Stimulation of the sympathetic system causes the bronchi to

What is the functioning unit of the nervous system? neuroglia cell glial cell neuron cell microglia

Blood moves around the system according to the pressure gradient. Blood moves

Renal compensation for acidosis is accomplished by a set of reactions the end by leaving what in the blood?

Which of the following is the most accurate representation of systolic and dialostic pressures in the heart? Peak systolic pressure in the right and left ventricles should be about the same: