Brain Damage/Neuroplasticity

Tumors between meninges. (Encapsulated/benign)

Cancer cells coming from other organs

Excessive release of glutamate bc of excess Na+ and Ca++

Ruptured Aneurysm

Clogged blood vessel

Hippocampus susceptible (NMDAR rich area)

blow that causes brain to strike skull (brain damage opposite to blow)

• damage to cerebral
• circulatory system

Disturbance of consciousness (but no contusion)

• Bacterial/Viral
• Brain inflamation

• - produces insanity/dementia = general
• paresis

Meningitis- inflammation of meninges

• -Meningitis
• -Rabies- affinity for neural system
• -Herpes- no affinity for neural system

• -Early antipsychotic drugs caused tardive
• dyskinesia

• -Some neurotoxins are endogenous- antibodies
• attack neural tissue

Extra Chromosome 21

• Disease of extrapyramidal system
• Less common than Parkinson
• Uncontrolled rapid movement/severe dementia·
• Clear Genetic cause/ no treatment

• Disease of extrapyramidal system
• .5% population affected
• -problems initiating voluntary movement. Tremors. No Dementia
• -Genetic factors/ No cure but dopamine treatment

• -affect entorhinal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus
• -Amyloid plaques (scar tissue from degenerating neurons) on outside neurons
• -Neurofibrillary Tangles (protein tangles) oninside neurons in cytoplasm

• - Attacks myelin in CNS/ leaves hard scar tissue
• -Visual, muscle, tremor, motor coordination
• problem
• -Autoimmune disorder

• Primary symptom= seizures, not all seizures = epilepsy
• Diagnosed by EEG/ can be hard to diagnose

• -Preceding signal/smell or feeling
• -Seizure warning-Epileptic Focus- can suggest prob area

Does not involve whole brain.

-Simple-Sensory or motor- spreads as epileptic discharge spreads

• -Complex-Temporal lobes- Compulsive repetitive simple behavior/ or complex without
• memory of them

Entire Brain

-Grand mal- Loss of consciousness/equilibrium. Tonic clonic (tremors)

-Petit mal- Absense seizures- disruption of consciousness

synapse after cut dies

Cell before cut dies

myelinate CNS/ do not promote regeneration

myelinate PNS/promote regeneration

• -Apoptosis inhibitor protein
• -Nerve growth factor
• -Estrogens- limit/delay neuron death
• -P2X7R antagonist Brilliant blue G (BBG)