-
union
- An employee organization
- whose main goal is representing
- its members in employee–
- management negotiation of jobrelated
- issues.
-
craft union
- An organization of skilled
- specialists in a particular craft
- or trade.
-
Knights of Labor
- The first national labor union;
- formed in 1869.
-
American Federation of
Labor (AFL)
- An organization of craft unions
- that championed fundamental
- labor issues; founded in 1886.
-
industrial unions
- Labor organizations of unskilled
- and semiskilled workers in
- mass-production industries such
- as automobiles and mining.
-
Congress of Industrial
Organizations (CIO)
- Union organization of unskilled
- workers; broke away from the
- American Federation of Labor
- (AFL) in 1935 and rejoined it in
- 1955.
-
yellow-dog contract
- A type of contract that required
- employees to agree as a
- condition of employment not to
- join a union; prohibited by the
- Norris-LaGuardia Act in 1932.
-
collective bargaining
- The process whereby union
- and management
- representatives form a labor–
- management agreement, or
- contract, for workers.
-
certification
- Formal process whereby a
- union is recognized by the
- National Labor Relations Board
- (NLRB) as the bargaining agent
- for a group of employees.
-
decertification
- The process by which workers
- take away a union’s right to
- represent them.
-
negotiated labor–
management agreement
(labor contract)
- Agreement that sets the tone
- and clarifies the terms under
- which management and labor
- agree to function over a period
- of time.
-
union security clause
- Provision in a negotiated
- labor–management agreement
- that stipulates that employees
- who benefit from a union must
- either officially join or at least
- pay dues to the union.
-
closed shop agreement
- Clause in a labor–management
- agreement that specified
- workers had to be members of
- a union before being hired
- (was outlawed by the Taft-
- Hartley Act in 1947).
-
union shop agreement
- Clause in a labor–management
- agreement that says workers
- do not have to be members of
- a union to be hired, but must
- agree to join the union within a
- prescribed period.
-
agency shop agreement
- Clause in a labor–management
- agreement that says employers
- may hire nonunion workers;
- employees are not required to
- join the union but must pay a
- union fee.
-
right-to-work laws
- Legislation that gives workers
- the right, under an open shop
- agreement, to join or not join a
- union if it is present.
-
open shop agreement
- Agreement in right-to-work
- states that gives workers the
- option to join or not join a
- union, if one exists in their
- workplace.
-
grievance
- A charge by employees that
- management is not abiding by
- the terms of the negotiated
- labor–management agreement.
-
shop stewards
- Union officials who work
- permanently in an organization
- and represent employee
- interests on a daily basis.
-
bargaining zone
- The range of options between
- the initial and final offer that
- each party will consider before
- negotiations dissolve or reach
- an impasse.
-
mediation
- The use of a third party, called
- a mediator, who encourages
- both sides in a dispute to
- continue negotiating and often
- makes suggestions for
- resolving the dispute.
-
strike
- A union strategy in which
- workers refuse to go to work;
- the purpose is to further
- workers’ objectives after an
- impasse in collective bargaining.
-
cooling-off period
- When workers in a critical
- industry return to their jobs while
- the union and management
- continue negotiations.
-
primary boycott
- When a union encourages both
- its members and the general
- public not to buy the products of
- a firm involved in a labor dispute.
-
secondary boycott
- An attempt by labor to convince
- others to stop doing business
- with a firm that is the subject of
- a primary boycott; prohibited by
- the Taft-Hartley Act.
-
injunction
- A court order directing someone
- to do something or to refrain
- from doing something
-
strikebreakers
- Workers hired to do the jobs of
- striking workers until the labor
- dispute is resolved.
-
sexual harassment
- Unwelcome sexual advances,
- requests for sexual favors, and
- other conduct (verbal or
- physical) of a sexual nature that
- creates a hostile work
- environment.
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