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All specimens sent to the laboratory for testing require _________.
Requisition slips
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You need to collect a urine specimen from a resident. To correctly identify the person, you need to
Check the ID bracelet
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When collecting urine specimens, what observations do you need to report and record?
- Problems obtaining the specimen.
- Color, clarity, and odor of urine.
- Blood in the urine.
- Particles in the urine.
- Complaints of pain, burning, urgency, difficulty voiding, or others.
- The time the specimen was collected.
- Patient o resident concerns.
-
What type of specimen is collected for a routine urinalysis?
Random urine specimen.
-
Urine pH measures if urine is ____________.
acidic or alkaline
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The person with diabetes may have ____ and _____ in the urine.
glucose and ketones
-
Blood in the urine is called _______.
Hematuria
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When using reagent strips, why is it important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions?
If not followed it may lead to a false results.
-
When collecting a stool specimen, what observations do you need to report and record?
- The time to collect and test the specimen.
- Test results
- Problems obtaining the specimen.
- Color, amount, and consistency
-
Melena means ________.
black, tarry stool odor of stools
-
Mucus from the respiratory system is called _____ when it is expectorated through the mouth.
Sputum
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Collecting a sputum specimen is delegated to you. What information do you need from the nurse?
- When to collect the specimen.
- How much sputum is needed.
- If the person can hold the sputum container.
- If the person uses the bathroom.
- What observations to report and record.
- When to report observations.
- What patient or resident concerns to report at once.
-
Breathing treatments and suctioning are needed to obtain a sputum specimen from an infant. Which health team members perform breathing treatments and suctioning?
The RN or respiratory therapist.
-
A _______ is the most common site for skin punctures.
fingertip
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______ and ________ are not good sites for skin punctures.
Thumbs and index
-
Where are used lancets discarded?
Discard the blade into the sharps container.
-
To use a glucose meter correctly, you need to follow
The manufacturer’s instructions.
-
Common fears of surgical patients include fear of:
- Anesthesia and its effects
- Cancer
- Complications from surgery
- Disability
- Disfigurement and scarring
- Dying during or after surgery
- Exposure
- Not walking up after surgery
- Pain during, after surgery
- Prolonged recovery
- Separation from family and friends
- Surgery on the wrong body part
- Tubes, needles, and other care equipment
- Waking up during surgery
- What happens after surgery – more surgery, treatment, care, etc.
-
To assist in the surgical patient’s psychological care, you must do the following:
- Listen the person may talk about fear and concerns.
- Refer questions to the nurse.
- Explain the care you will give and its needs.
- Follow communication rules.
- Use verbal and nonverbal communications.
- Provide care with skill and ease.
- Report signs of fear or anxiety.
- Report a request to see member of the clergy.
-
Personal care before surgery usually involves the following:
- A complete bath, shower, or tub bath and shampoo.
- Make-up, nail polish, and fake nail removal.
- Hair care.
- Oral hygiene.
- Denture care.
- Prosthesis
- Other – Elastic stockings/compression socks
-
What is the purpose of the pre-operative skin preparation?
To reduce the risk of infection.
-
Which health team member is responsible for securing the person’s written surgery consent?
The doctor
-
When is the surgical site marked?
Before the surgery.
-
An _____ is a blood clot that travels through the vascular system until it lodges in a vessel.
embolus
-
When applying elastic stockings, what observations do you need to report and record?
- The size and length of stocking applied.
- When you applied the stockings.
- Skin color and temperature.
- Leg and foot swelling.
- Skin tears wounds or signs of skin breakdown.
- Complaints of pain, tingling, or numbness.
- When your removed the stocking and for how long.
- When you reapplied the stockings.
- When you washed the stockings.
-
When applying elastic bandages, you must:
- Use the correct seize – length and width.
- Position the person during the procedure.
- Start at the lower part of the extremity, work upward.
- Expose the fingers or toes if possible.
- Apply the bandage with firm, even pressure.
- Check the color and temperature of the extremity every hour.
- Face the person in good alignment.
- Re-apply a loose or wrinkled bandage.
- Replace a moist or soiled bandage.
-
Early ambulation prevents:
- Thrombi
- Pneumonia.
- Atelectasis.
- Constipation.
- Urinary tract infections.
-
Your state and agency allow you to apply heat and cold applications. Before you apply a heat or cold application, what information do you need from the nurse and the care plan?
- The type of application.
- How to cover the application.
- What temperature to use.
- The application site.
- How long to leave the application in place.
- What observations to report and record.
- When to report observations.
- What patient or resident concerns to report at once.
-
You have applied a hot pack to a resident’s knee. How often do you need to check the person’s skin for complications _______________
every 5 minutes no longer than 15 – 20 minutes.
-
When cold is applied to the skin, blood vessels ______. Blood flow ________.
constrict. Blood flow decreases.
-
Before applying a dry heat or cold application, you need to __________.
know how to use the equipment.
-
For how many minutes are heat and cold applications usually applied?
No longer than 15 – 20 minutes.
-
Dilate means to __________.
expand or widen.
-
Sitz baths are used to:
- Clean perineal and anal area
- Provide healing
- Relieve pain soreness
- Increase circulation.
- Stimulate voiding.
-
Hypothermia is ____________.
very low body temperature.
-
List four signs and symptoms of hypoxia.
- Restlessness
- Dizziness
- Disorientation
- Rapid breathing
-
How does nutrition affect respiratory function?
The body needs iron and vitamins to produce RBC.
-
List the three processes involved in respiratory function.
- Air moves into and out of the lungs.
- O2 and CO2 are exchanged at the alveoli.
- The blood carries O2 to the cells and removes CO2.
-
Define the following terms:
- Tachypnea Rapid breathing respirations more than 20 per minute.
- Hypoxemia Reduced amount of oxygen in the blood.
- Apnea The lack or absence of breathing.
- Pollutant A harmful chemical or substance in the air or water.
-
Pulse oximetry measures ____________.
the oxygen concentration in arterial blood
-
Describe the orthopneic position.
Sitting up and learning over a table to breath.
-
Sputum specimens are studied __________.
blood, microbes, and abnormal cells.
-
You have assisted a resident with deep-breathing and coughing exercises. What observations do you need to report and record?
- The number of deep breaths and coughs.
- How the person tolerated the procedure.
-
The goal of incentive spirometry is to _______________.
improve lung function and prevent applications
-
These health team members are responsible for starting and maintaining oxygen therapy.
- The nurse.
- How the person tolerated the procedure.
-
Oropharyngeal airway
Inserted through the mouth and into the pharynx
-
Endotracheal tube
Inserted through the mouth or nose and into the trachea by a doctor using alighted scope
-
Tracheostomy tube
Inserted through a surgically created opening into the trachea by a doctor
-
If an airway comes out or is dislodged, you need to ____________.
tell the nurse at once
-
Describe the three parts of a tracheostomy tube.
- The obturator used to guide insertion of the outer cannula.
- The inner cannula keeps the airway patent.
- The outer cannula keeps the tracheostomy patent.
-
A resident is too weak to cough. Why is suctioning used to remove secretions from the person’s airway?
The secretions could obstruct air flow into and out of the airway.
-
Why is it important to keep suction equipment and supplies at the bedside?
May need for suctioning secretions in the throat.
-
An alarm sounds on a person’s mechanical ventilator. What is the first thing you should do?
Check if the tube is attached to the ventilator.
-
When can you reset alarms on a mechanical ventilator?
Never, the nurse will reset the alarm.
-
A patient has chest tubes. What should you do if a chest tube comes out?
Call for help at once and over the insertion site.
-
Hematoma
A swelling (oma) that contains blood (hemat)
-
hemoptysis
Bloody (hemo) sputum (ptysis means to spit)
-
Melena
A black, tarry stool
-
Embolus
A blood clot that ravels through the vascular system until it lodges in a blood vessel.
-
General anesthesia
A treatment with certain drugs that produces a deep sleep and the absence of all sensation, especially pain.
-
Atelectasis
The lack or absence (a) of breathing (pnea)
-
Hypoxia
cells do not have enough (hypo) oxygen (oxia)
-
Kussmaul repirations
Very deep and rapid respirations
-
orthopnea
Breathing (pnea) deeply and comfortably only when sitting (ortho) 
-
Pollutant
A harmful chemical or substance in the air or water.
-
Pulse oximetry
Measures (metry) the oxygen (oxi) concentration in arterial blood.
-
hemothorax
Blood (hemo) in the pleural space (thorax)
-
patent
open and unblocked
-
Pleural effusion
The escape and collection of fluid (effusion) in the pleural space.
-
Pneumothorax
Air (pneumo) in the pleural space (thorax)
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