the wavelength of light that is absorbed by a plant and used for photosynthesis
absorption spectrum
the molecule that provides the energy for a cell to use to fuel endergonic reactions
atp
an organism that is able to manufacture its own cell mass and organic compound from CO2.
autotroph
the set of a chemical reaction in a plant which creates the three carbon molecules glucose-3-phospahte
calvincycle
that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with a wavelength of 0.001 nm to 1 nm.
gamma rays
the three carbon sugar produced by the calvin cycle
glyceralderate
the electromagnetic spectrum
radiant energy
the bending of light at different angles
refraction
the color that makes up white light
spectrum
the membrane system controlled in the chloroplast
thylakoid
the way in which radiant energy travels
waves
that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with a wave length of 1nm to 10onm
x rays
the small portion of the suns radiant energy that is able to be seen by the human eye; visible light encompasses a spectrum of wavelengths of 380nm to 780nm
visible light
the molecule that provides the energy for a cell to use to fuel endergonic reactions
atp
energy absorbing pigments that are contained within the thylakoid membrane
carotenoids
free electrons that carry a lot of energy typically activated electrons enter into electron transport chains
high energy electrons
a co enzyme molecule the hydrated form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate functions as a carrier of high energy electrons
nadph
the units in which energy travels
photons
one of the photosynthetic systems which activates electrons
photosystem I
one of the photosynthetic systems which activates electrons
photosynthetic II
the distance from one peack of energy to the next peak of energy
wavelength
the bending of light at different angles
refractions
a co enzyme that carries the carbon atoms of pyruvate through the Krebs cycle, during which the bonds of pyruvate are broken and atp, nadh, and fadh2 are produced
acetyl co-a
the two carbon molecule made from pyruvic acid oxidation
actetyl grouo
two phosphate groups liked to an adenosine molecule. converted by atp ase into atp by the linking of another phosphate group
adp
the biological process in which atp is made from glucose using oxygen as the final electron acceptor
aerobic respiration
the process in which atp in made from glucose without oxygen
anaerobic respiration
the enzyme that makes atp from adp
atp synthase
the process of hydrogen flowing across the cristae and driving the atp synthasis
the initial step in the metabolism of glucose is broken into two pyruvate molecules
glycolysis
refers to the inner membrane of mitochondria iit contains the molecules which produce most of the atp
inner membrane
the space between the inner membrane and the outer membrane in mitochondria
intermembrane space
the second step of cellular respiration which occurs in the mitochondria during this sequence of reactions the remaining carbon molecules from glucose are oxidized to form carbon dioxide
Krebs cycle
the space on the inside of the mitochondria between the cristae
matrix
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide an energy capturing co enzyme
nad
the activated form of nad also referred to as the reduced form
nadh
protects the inside of the mitochondria from the outside substances inside of the cytoplasm
outermembrane
removing a hydrogen atom with its electron from a molecule
oxidation reactions
the ability of a hydrogen ion gradient to perform work
proton motive force
the three carbon molecule that is formed as a result of glycosis
pyruvate
the transition reaction
pyruvic acid oxidation
the reaction that links glycolysis to aerobic respiration