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What is the difference Acute Neurological Disorders and Degenerative Disorders
- Caused when one or more neurons are injured by trauma or biological assault AND
- Caused by a progressive destruction of nerve cells
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Over 1/3 of the trauma cases result from
motor vehicle accidents
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There are __ cervical (C), __ thoracic (T), __ lumbar (L), & __ sacral (S) vertebrae
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The most severe disability occurs at a lesion above
C6 (sixth cervical vertebrae
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The most common cause of death when a person has SCI is due to
diseases of the respiratory system, with most common of these being pneumonia.
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Autonomic dysreflexia, or hyperreflexia, is a life threatening emergency condition in which the
blood pressure increases sharply
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Emergency Care for Autonomic Dysreflexia
Do NOT recline the chair because increased blood pressure in the brain could result.
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Spina bifida is a type of _______ that results when ________
- neural tube defect
- a place in the spinal cord fails to close,
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What are the three forms of spina bifida
- Occulta
- Meningocele
- Myelomeningocele
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Describe Occulta Spina Bifida
- There is a small defect or gap. in one or more of the vertebrae of the spine.
- There is usually a hairy patch on the skin at the site of the defect
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Which form of spina bifida does not involve the nerves or the spinal cord itself
Meningocele
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Which form of spina bifida is the most severe and describe it
- Myelomeningocele
- the cysts holds both the membranes and nerves of the spinal cord and, often, the cord itself.
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In general, the ______ the cyst on the back, the more severe the paralysis
higher
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Muscular imbalance from paralysis can cause spinal curvatures such as humpback (_______), curvature (_______), or swayback (_______).
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A reduced risk of giving birth to babies with Myelomeningocele and other neural tube defects has been shown when mothers receive
folic acid
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Patients with spina bifida appear to be at risk for ________ allergy
latex
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Antibiotic premedication for invasive dental hygiene procedures may be needed for
ventriculoatrial shunts
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With patients with Bell’s Palsy speech and mastication are difficult but it does not affect
swallowing
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The drug treatment of Bell's Palsy include
corticosteroids and antiviral drugs
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What are the two forms of ALS and which one is more common
- Spinal form: About 2/3 of patients
- Bulbar onset form
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For ALS patients _______ is usually the cause of death
Respiratory failure
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Patients with Bulbar onset form of ALS initially presents with
- dysarthria (difficulty in speaking)
- dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
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_________ develops in almost all who have the Bulbar onset form of the disease
Sialorrhea (excessive secretion of saliva; drooling)
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The only current FDA approved treatment for ALS is
Rilusole
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Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease of __________ characterized by an overproduction of _________
- connective tissue
- collagen
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Scleroderma usually has its onset between ages _______ and more common in _______
- 30 and 50
- 2 to 5 times more common in females
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What finding on radiographs are sometimes considered an indicator for scleroderma
Marked widening of the periodontal ligament spaces
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Bell’s palsy is paralysis of the facial muscles innervated by the
facial nerve 7th cranial
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The majority of spinal cord trauma cases involve ________ between the ages of _____ years
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