Introduction to Pathology

The accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the spaces between cells or in body cavities is termed:

What is the process by which white blood cells surround and digest infectios organisms?:

A tumorlike scar is referred to as a:

Inflammation with pus formation is termed:

An interruption in the blood supply to an organ or body part is referred to as:

A localized area of ischemic necrosis in an organ or tissue is termed:

A swelling caused by bleeding into an enclosed area is termed:

A decrease in function of an organ or tissue because of a reducction in the size or number of cells is termed:

Term meaning new growth:

The term for benign epithelial neoplasms that have a glandlike pattern is:

Ultrasound depends on the echo of the high-frequency sound waves produce by the transducer. Tissue that produces a strong reflection is known as:

Ultrasound is limited by acoustic barriers such as:

The modality that views tissue from multiple angles using narrow x-ray beam is:

The CT technique using continuous scanning while the table moves the patient through the gantry is:

Currently, the term multidetector CT indicates:

To create an image in MRI, the technology depends on:

Multiple-pulse sequences may be required to illustrate pathophysiologic changes. Examples of MRI pulse sequences are:

Nuclear medicine and SPECT imaging rely on scintillation cameras to detect:

PET imaging is especially useful to evaluate:

Hybrid imaging equipment combines:

What types of injury cause inflammation?

What are the 4 events of inflammatory response?

What is the earliest bodily response to injury?

What produces the heat and redness associated with inflammation?

What produces swelling associated with inflammation?

What is the pain associated with inflammation caused by?

What term defines alcoholic injury to the liver?

What are the 4 clinical signs of inflammation?

What type of bacteria leads to the production of pus?

What is a localized area of chronic inflammation, often with central necrosis?

What are the two forms of Edema?

Generalized Edema is most prominent where in the body?

What results from the escape of protein-rich intravascular fluid into extravascular tissue?

What can cause ischemia?

Most common forms of infarction:

What is a severe arterial disease of the lower extremities resulting in necrosis of several toes or a large segment of the foot?

Term for larger variation of petechiae:

Term for a large subcutaneous hematoma, or bruise:

Lack of normal development resulting in a small size or developmental failure resulting in the absence of an organ or tissue:

Two types of atrophy:

Hypertrophy occurs most often in cells that

Hypertrophy is an increase in:

Hyperplasia is an increase in:

Loss in the uniformity of individual cells and their orientation:

An abnormal proliferation of cells that are no longer controlled by the factors that govern the growth of normal cells:

Neoplastic cells compete with normal cells and tissues for their metabolic needs; they act as:

The growth rate of neoplastic cells generally correlates inversely with:

Differentiated tumors grow ______, undifferentiated neoplasms grow ______.

Tumor cells flourish and the patient becomes weak and emaciated:

Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cell origin:

Highly malignant tumors arising from connective tissue:

What are the three pathways in which neoplasms disseminate?

The grading of a malignant tumor assesses:

What term refers to the extensiveness of a tumor at it's primary site and the presence or absence of metastases to lymph nodes and distant organs?

What aids in determing the most appropriate cancer therapy/

Substantial evidence indicates that most tumors arise from:

Two basic tumor components:

Hereditary diseases reflect:

Most common hereditary abnormality:

Alterations in DNA structure that may become permanent hereditary changes:

Mutations may result form:

Disorders that are transmitted from one generation to the next:

Autosomal Dominant Disorders can have reduced penetrance meaning:

Autosomal Dominant Disorders can have variable expressivity meaning;

Disorders that result only if a person is homozygous to the defective gene:

What is the difference between Active and Passive Immunity?

Three types of Immunologic Reactions:

A cytotoxic reaction leads to:

A delayed reaction occurs in an individual that was;

A systemic disease, characteristically affects the skin and causes an ulcerated hemorrhagic dermatitis:

Most common causes of hepatitis:

Forms of hepatitis:

Type of hepatitis transmitted in the digestive tract from oral or fecal contact:

Type of hepatitis transmitted through sexual contact:

Type of hepatitis acquired by the ingestion of food or water that has been contaminated with fecal matter:

In ultrasound, tissues lacking signals (echo free) are termed ____ and appear:

In ultrasound, if a tissue exhibits a strong reflection, the are:

Tissue that exhibit weak reflections are:

Two structures with the same echogenicity although the tissue may not be the same are:

In CT, what represents the attenuation of a specific tissue relative to that of water?

CT produces images of what thickness?

Newest generation of CT scanners perfom __-___ slices per rotation.

What is the modality of choice for imaging the central nervous system and spine?

What modality consists of inducing hydrogen atoms to alternate between a high-energy state and a low energy state by absorbing and then releasing energy?

What is used for localization of specific regions of the brain that correspond to various function such as motor, sensory, memory, vision and language?

In what modality does the patient ingest or is injected with a radiopharmaceutical that emits radiation and an image is created from the signals radiating from the patient/

The amount of ionizing radiation to the patient in a nuclear medicine study is similar to that in a:

Images obtained using nuclear medicine techniques lack in

PET is useful in:

PET produces a:

In nuclear medicine, radiopharmaceuticals decay by:

Focus Imaging combines: