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What is the anterior 2/3 of the tongue called?
Body
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What is the posterior 1/3 of the tongue called?
Base, root or pharyngeal portion.
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Where does the base of the tongue attach?
Floor of the mouth.
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What is the midline depression on the dorsal surface of the tongue, that corresponds to the deeper midline (median septum)?
Median lingual sulcus
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Deep fibrous structure that divides the tongue into 2 symmetrical halves. Corresponds with more superficial median lingual sulcus.
Median Septum
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Terminal sulcus or sulcus terminalis
V-shaped groove, boundary between base and body, behind circumvallate papillae.
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Small pit-like depression behind terminal sulcus,marks site of origin for thyroid gland developing in fetus.
Foramen Cecum
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Tonsillar mass posterior to sulcus terminalis at base of tongue.
Lingual tonsils
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Large visible blood vessels on ventral surface of tongue.
Lingual Veins
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Fringe like projections lateral to deep lingual veins.
Plica Fimbriata
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Two types of oral mucosa on dorsal surface of the tongue.
Masticatory mucosa, specialized mucosa
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Masticatory mucosa epithelium
Keratinized stratified sqaumous epithelium
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Specialized mucosa epithelium
keratinized epithelium
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What does specialized mucosa epithelium cover?
Lingual papillae
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Fungiform Papillae are most abundant where?
Apex of tongue
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Main function of Fungiform Papillae
Taste
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Do filliform papillae have taste buds?
No
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What is the main function of circumvallate papillae?
Taste
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Von Ebner's glands are associated with which papillae?
Circumvallate
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What are Von Ebner's glands?
Minor salivary glands located in submucosa at base of circumvallate papilla
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What do Von Ebner's glands secrete?
A serous saliva of watery protein nature.
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Main function of laminate papillae
Taste
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Taste bud turnover time
10 days
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Name the two types of taste bud cells
Supporting cells, taste cells
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Purpose of supporting cells in taste buds
Support taste bud on outer side of bud
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Purpose of taste cells
Have taste receptors
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Which part of taste cell interacts with dissolved food?
Taste receptors (gustatory hair)
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Dissolved molecules of food contact the taste receptor via the...
Taste Pore
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Sensory neuron processes....
Receive messages of taste sensation via taste receptors.
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The 5 taste sensations are....
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami
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Taste buds are also located on...
Soft palate, pharynx, epiglottis
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What are the 2 main groups of muscles associated with the tongue?
Extrinsic, Intrinsic
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What are the 4 EXTRINSIC muscles?
Styloglossus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus
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Origin, insertion and function of Styloglossus muscle...
- Origin- styloid process
- Insertion- lateral borders of the tongue
- Function- pull back and up
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Origin, insertion and function of Genioglossus muscle
- Origin- Genial Tubercles
- Insertion- Inferior surface of the tongue from apex to base
- Function- Sticks out/depresses (does majority of work for tongue)
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Origin, insertion and function of hyoglossus muscle...
- Origin- hyoid bone
- Insertion- lateral surfaces of body of tongue
- Function- Depresses tongue and pulls lateral edges down
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Origin, insertion and function of Palatoglossus muscle...
- Origin- Anterior soft palate at median palatine raphe
- Insertion- downward and forward into lateral borders of tongue
- Function- Elevates base and arches tongue to soft palate
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Nerve to control Genioglossus...
Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal)
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Nerve to control Styloglossus...
Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal)
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Nerve to control Hyoglossus...
Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal)
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Nerve to control palatoglossus...
Pharyngeal plexus of cranial nerve X (Vagus)
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Name the 4 groups of Intrinsic muscles.
- Superior longitudinal
- Inferior longitudinal
- Transverse
- Vertical
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Origin, insertion and function of superior longitudenal group
- Origin and insertion- runs from base to apex of tongue
- Function- shortens, turns apex and edges up
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Origin, insertion and function of inferior longitudinal group
- Origin/insertion- root of tongue to apex near bottom of tongue
- Function- shortens, turns apex and edges DOWN
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Origin, insertion and function of Transverse group
- Origin- median septum
- Insertion- Runs outward in transverse direction towards outside of tongue
- Function- Narrows and elongates
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Origin, insertion and function of vertical group
- Origin- dorsal surface
- Insertion- Runs vertically down to ventral surface
- Function- Flattens and broadens
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Motor movement innervation for all intrinsic muscles is nerve...
Cranial nerve XII Hypoglossal
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What are the 3 types of innervation for the tongue?
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The 5 cranial nerves involved in tongue innervation
- Trigeminal (cranial nerve V)
- Facial (cranial nerve VII)
- Glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve IX)
- Vagus (cranial nerve X)
- Hypoglossal (cranial nerve XII)
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