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What are the four steps of the program development cycle
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Planning
- Implementation
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A community assessment also known as a _________ is both a _______ and ______
- needs assessment
- process (series of actions) and a product (results)
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The process of an assessment involves _______ and the product generated from the needs assessment is termed the _______
- gathering information to determine what is needed to improve the health of a community
- community profile
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What is demographic data
- characteristics of the target population
- age, gender, education level, occupation, income, ethnicity/language
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The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, monitored by the _____, is a great source for information.
CDC
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What are some of the data that might be included in a community profile
- Demographic data (characteristics of the target population).
- The community’s oral health knowledge and attitudes about oral health and self-care practices.
- The community’s oral health status.
- The impact on the community of the current oral health status
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Data that is already available is referred to as _________ and includes ________
- secondary data
- censuses, surveys, computerized health and information systems
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Information collected directly is referred to as ________ and include ________
- primary data
- surveys,focus groups,observations and interviews
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As a general rule, research of secondary data should be undertaken ______ to collecting primary data.
prior
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Information gathered for the community profile (the data) can be categorized as ________ or ________.
quantitative and/or qualitative
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Qualitative data is a _________.
description about a person’s knowledge, attitude or behavior
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Quantitative data is expressed in _________ and is ________.
- terms of numbers
- measurable
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What is intra-examiner reliability?
The ability of one examiner to get the same result with their own previous finding
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What is inter-examiner reliability and what does it ensure
- When two different examiners get the same result
- validity
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Validity is the
quality of being correct or true
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Reliability is the
extent to which a procedure yields the same results on repeated trials. It is repeatability
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Mapping is a tool that is used to ________.
identify trends and patterns in a community
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What is another word for calibrated
standardized
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What is the cost–benefit ratio
The difference between the cost of providing the program versus the cost of not providing the program
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Program planning begins with a ________, followed by, _________, _________, and _________
- mission statement
- program goals, program objectives, program interventions (activities)
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A mission statement is a __________ and should not include _________
- single statement that expresses a broad, overarching purpose for the program’s existence
- any goals, objectives, activities, or interventions
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Program goals address __________ and are ________ statements
- identified needs and are more specific than the mission statement
- broad-based
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Program objectives are designed to _________, because they guide program _________.
- meet goals and are more specific than goals
- interventions
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A common guide for writing objectives is the _______ formula and stands for ________
- SMART
- Specific
- Measurable
- Appropriate
- Realistic/related
- Time-bound
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Program interventions are ________ and they are _________
- task-oriented
- specific services or activities that will be implemented to change or improve the program participants’ knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, or awareness
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Evaluation is one of the _________ and part of the ________ process.
- ten essential public health services
- assurance
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What are two types of program evaluation?
- Formative Evaluation
- Summative Evaluation
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Describe a Formative Evaluation
- This is the internal evaluation of a program.
- It is an examination of the processes or activities of a program as they are taking place
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Summative Evaluation involves
judging the merit or worth of a program after it has been in operation
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Evaluation determines whether the program ________.
accomplishes what it was designed to accomplish
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If the objectives has not been met that means the program was a failure? T or F
False
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What are the six steps in public health program evaluation
- Engage Stakeholders
- Describe the Program
- Focus the Evaluation Design
- Gather Credible Evidence
- Justify Conclusions
- Ensure Use and Share Lessons Learned
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________ are often used to describe programs.
Logic models
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What are the five elements that are critical for ensuring use of an evaluation.
- 1.The program design.
- 2.Preparation (groundwork) for the program.
- 3.Feedback (e.g., from participants
- 4.Follow-up (what was done with the feedback?).
- 5.Dissemination (how was information learned from the program distributed?).
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In the center of the framework graphic is a set of ________ used for assessing the quality of evaluation activities.
standards
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What are the standards used for assessing the quality of evaluation activities
- Utility – Does the program serve the needs of intended users?
- Feasibility – Is the program realistic, show care and thought for the future, can it be reproduced, and is it economical?
- Propriety – Is the program legal, ethical, and take into regard the welfare of those involved and those affected by the program?
- Accuracy – Does the program reveal and convey technically accurate information?
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What are four commonly used evaluation designs for health programs
- 1.Post program only.
- 2.Preprogram and post program.
- 3.Preprogram and post program with a comparison group.
- 4.Preprogram and post program with a control group
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Which program evaluation is the least useful
Post program only
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Describe the Preprogram and Post Program evaluation
Data is collected before the program begins and again at the end of the program
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Which evaluation design describes where People are randomly assigned from the same overall target population
Preprogram and Post Program With a Control Group
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