-
Sites of rapid cell division in the shoot tips, root tips, and cambium are called _____
meristems
-
Meristems located at the end of the shoots are called primary, or _____ meristems.
apical
-
The tendency for terminal buds to inhibit the growth of lateral buds is called _______
apical dominance
-
The "food factories" of trees are the ____
leaves
-
The process of ______ combines carbon dioxide and water in a reaction driven by light to produce sugars. ____ is also a product of this reaction.
-
The green color of leaves is created by the presence of ______, which is necessary for photosynthesis to take place.
Chlorophyll
-
___ is the loss of water vapor from the leaves
transpiration
-
The opening and closing of ____ allow for gas exchange, and transpiration is controlled by the ___ ___
-
Water and dissolved essential minerals are transported within the tree in the _______. The ____ conducts carbohydrates.
-
The ___ is layer of meristematic cells located between the phloem and the xylem.
cambium
-
The ___ ___ is formed when trunk tissue grows around branch tissues. As the branch and trunk tissues expand against each other in the branch union, the ___ ___ is formed.
- branch collar
- branch bark ridge
-
___ protects the branches and trunk of a tree from mechanical injury and desiccation.
bark
-
Name the four functions of the root system
- absorption
- conduction
- anchorage
- storage
- hormone production
-
Water enters young roots and or mycorrhizal roots, in part, by a process called ___
osmosis
-
The orientation of growth in response to an external stimulus is called _____. Two examples are _____
- tropism
- phototropism
- geotropism
-
CODIT stands for
Compartmentalization of Decay In Trees
-
Trees with upright growth and a strong, central leader are said to exibit ____ growth.
More rounded trees, which are often broader than they are tall, have ___ growth habits.
-
Roots and fungi form ____, which are a symbiotic relationship, aiding in the uptake of water and minerals.
mycorrhizae
-
The process by which chemical energy, stored as sugar and starch, is released is called ____
respiration
-
Trees that lose their leaves in autumn are called ___. Trees that maintain their leaves for more than one year are called ___
-
auxin def.
produced where
plant hormone or substance that promotes or regulates the growth and development of plants. Produced at sites where cells are dividing, primarily in shoot tips. can be synthetically produced
-
chlorophyll
green pigment of plants found in chloroplasts. Captures the energy of the sun and is essential in photosynthesis.
-
cuticle
waxy layer outside the epidermis of a leaf that reduces water loss and resists insect damage.
-
petiole
stalk or support axis of a leaf
-
internode
region of the stem between two successive nodes.
-
node
slightly enlarged portion of a stem where leaves and buds arise
-
lenticel
small opening in the bark that that permits the exchange of gases
-
ray
cells that cross the phloem and xylem radial transport
-
absorbing roots (where located)
upper 12 inches of soil
-
in physiology, plant part that produces carbohydrates. Mature leaves are an example
source
-
plant part that uses or stores more energy than it produces.
sink
-
When cutting through a tree with a chain saw or drilling into a tree, you would pass through in order these 4 tissue
bark, phloem, cambium, xylem
-
following division, cells undergo ____ which changes their structure permits them variety of specific functions
differentiation
-
which trees lack secondary growth
palms
-
In shoots, meristem are found where
buds
-
thin sheath of dividing cells that that produces the cells that will become the vascular system.
cambium
-
4 functions of xylem
- 1.conduction of water and dissolved minerals
- 2. support weight of tree
- 3. storage of carbohydrates reserves
- 4. defense against spread of disease/decay
-
the living tissue of the tree is known as
symplasm
-
the non living tissue which in mature tree represents a large portion of the volume is called
apoplasm
-
conduct water and provide mechanical support, are elongated, dead cells with pointed ends and thickened walls.
tracheids
-
fibers provide ____ _____
mechanical strength
-
thin walled, living cells essential in photosynthesis, radial transport, energy storage, and production of protective compounds.
parenchyma cells
-
end to end tube like water conducting cells in the xylem of angiosperms
vessels
-
terminal bud
bud at the tip of a twig or shoot. apical bud.
-
temperate
region between the tropics and the poles that has relatively moderate temperatures
-
central vertical root growing directly below the main stem or trunk that may or may not persist into plant maturity
tap root
-
symbiosis
associated with of two different types of living organisms that is often, but not always, beneficial to each
-
stomata
small pores between two guard cells on the undersides of leaves and other green plant parts, trough which gases are exchanged and water loss is regulated
-
downward growing roots that provide anchorage and take up water and minerals, useful in drought
sinker roots
-
sieve tube elements
specialized phloem cells involved in photosynthate transport. Exist only in angiosperms
-
sieve cell
long slender phloem cell in gymnosperms
-
outer wood (xylem) that is active in longitudinal transport of water and minerals
sapwood
|
|
