chapter 19

• aseptate
• zygospores=sexual
• sporangiospores=asexual 

rhizopus, mucor

• septate
• ascospores=sexual
• conida=asexual

ex. saccharomyces

• septate
• basidiospores=sexual
• arthrospores=asexual

ex. amanita

• Septate Hyphae
• Sexual spores= None found
• Asexual spores= Condidia
• Ex: Asperguillus, Trichophyton, Tinea
• Agent: aspergillosis, ringworm, athlete's foot

are eukaryotic organisms with cell walls usually made of chitin (a nitrogenous polysaccharide) and with chemoheterotrophic nutrition. Most fungi are multicellular, but some grow as unicellular yeasts.

The study of fungi

Unicellular fungi

heterotrophic; requiring preformed organic compounds as sources of carbon and oxidizing organic compounds as a source of energy.

The fungal body

fungal branching filaments

is a mass of hyphae that form a "fungal colony." They can be either septate or aseptate

is when the mycelium is divided by crosswalls

is when the myceium is not divided by crosswalls.

fungi occurring in two forms; have both yeast and mycelial form depending on their enviroment.

into four divisions based on type/lack of sexual spore produced.

• 1) Zygomycete
• 2) Basidiomycete
• 3) Ascomycete
• 4) Deuteromycete

decomposing dead organisms by secreting digestive enzymes and reabsorb the breakdown product. Important in nutrient cycling of ecosystems

very few fall into this category. Ex: arthrobotrys which produces small lasso like hypha that swell around a nematode (worm).

Is a type of symbiosis between two species of organisms where all parties benefit. Ex: Lichens between bact. and fungus) ,endomychorrhizae, mycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae

"fungus-roots" important for successful farming

-the plant provides mold

Human diseases caused by fungi. Three types (superficial, subcutaneous and systemic)

are fungal diseases that are confined to the outer layers of the skin, hair or nails. Ex: Dermatophytic mycoses "ringworms

are fungal diseases affect tissues below the skin, such s those of the lymphatic systems. Ex: Sporothrix

are fungal diseases that spread throughout the body. Caused by dimorphic fungal pathogens of ascomycota: coccidiodes, histoplasma etc.