midterm

earwax

a partition separating two chambers, such as that between the nostrils.

is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear.

nosebleed

imperfect positioning of the teeth when the jaws are closed.

is a light yellow, oily substance that is secreted by the sebaceous glands that help keep the skin and hair moisturized.

the removal of damaged tissue or foreign objects from a wound.

a congenital cleft in the middle of the upper lip. cleft lip.

abnormal smallness of the jaws, especially the lower jaw.

defined as an excess of skin in the upper or lower eyelid, also known as "baggy eyes."

the condition of having more than the normal number of fingers or toes.

is a condition wherein two or more digits are fused together.

Protein region of the tongue and anchored to the hyoid bone. 

Back of mouth and side of Tongue. Helps protect body against infection.

Protect walls of the pharynx above the boarder of the soft palate.

A fat graft is used, the surgeon makes a small incision on the posterior part of the ear lobe and then excises a small portion of the adipose tissue.  The graft is kept in normal saline to keep it moist as the graft site is closed.

the graph is taken from the temporalis fascia.

A graft that comes from one’s self.

A graph that comes from another human.

A graph that comes from a different species, such as pig or calf.

With a free flap, skin, fat and sometimes muscle from the donor region is transferred to the chest by completely cutting the blood supply and reconnecting to a new blood supply on the chest using microsurgical techniques.

Pedicled flaps – skin, muscle and fat – are moved from the back (Latissimus Dorsi or LD flap) or abdomen (pedicled TRAM flap) to the chest area by tunnelling it under the skin. This means that the blood supply to the muscle doesn\’t need to be cut. The technique of a pedicled flap was introduced in the early seventies in breast reconstruction surgery.

Affects just the epidermis

Affects dermis

Permanent tissue damage

Char burns

The rule of nines assesses the percentage of burn and is used to help guide treatment decisions including fluid resuscitation and becomes part of the guidelines to determine transfer to a burn unit.

A local anesthetic with epinephrine is utilized in most ear surgeries. This not only anesthetizes the incision site, but the epinephrine provides vasoconstriction, which decreases the blood flow to the area. Pledgets may also be soaked in epinephrine and applied to the wound to control bleeding.

Gelfoam and thrombin are used for hemostatic agents and should be available for major procedures of the head and neck. Remember that there are many great vessels passing through the neck.

moisten the nasal cavity and clean ear canal.

to fix a Temporomandibular Joint, incision next to ear.

A myringotomy is a small incision made in the tympanic membrane to allow the drainage of fluid from the middle ear. This accumulation of fluid is called an effusion. This may be caused by inflammation of the middle ear mucosa or Eustachian tube dysfunction due to congenital anomalies, inflammation of nasal mucosa (allergies), or, most commonly, enlarged adenoids.

If untreated, the effusion may lead to infection (including mastoiditis), hearing loss, or perforation. Effusions are seen in patients of all ages; however, most adults are treated in the office. 

A tympanostomy tube is frequently inserted to maintain the patency of the myringotomy and allow the fluid to drain freely and pressure to equalize within the middle ear. Tubes are usually not removed but rather left in place until they fall out.

Submucosal Resection, SMR) of the nose is a surgical procedure during which the bony structures of the turbinate are partially removed from below the mucous membrane. It is usually intended to treat a deviated septum causing chronic nasal airway obstruction or chronic nosebleeds.

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,  This procedure is performed to correct upper-airway obstructions, such as sleep apnea

Technique:

The patient’s mouth is retracted with a Crow-Davis mouth gag, which is then suspended from the Mayo stand.

The surgeon retracts the tonsil.

The tonsil is removed.

The uvula and soft palate are retracted.

The uvula and soft palate are excised.

Hemostasis is established.

The soft palate is closed.

Frontal Sinus Surgery, the surgeon inserts an endoscope, a small tube with a magnifying lens or tiny camera, into your nostrils and guides it into your sinus cavities. He or she uses tiny instruments to remove polyps and other obstructions that block the flow of fluids from your sinuses. Your surgeon may also enlarge the openings leading from your sinuses to your nasal passages.

Tracheostomy is indicated for patient who require emergent or elective airway management of prolonged ventilator dependence or acute or chronic upper airway obstruction.

Technique:

An incision is made over the anterior tracheal wall.

The surgeon visualizes the tracheal wall.

The tracheal incision is made, usually between the third and fourth tracheal rings.

The endotracheal tube is partially removed to the point superior to the tracheal incision.

The tracheostomy tube is inserted.

Hemostasis is achieved.

Tracheostomy tube is secured.

Dressings are applied.

The obturator from the endotracheal tube is sent with the patient.

Stapedectomy is performed to restore mobilization of the ossicular chain.

This is done in patients who have hearing loss that can progress to deafness.

Technique:

The auditory canal is injected with lidocaine.

The external auditory canal is cleaned.

The surgeon places the speculum in the ear.

The tympanic membrane is elevated.

The affected ossicles are freed or removed.

The prosthesis is placed and secured (as shown in Figure _).

The tympanic membrane is replaced.

The external canal is packed, and the dressing is applied.

most often performed to correct a deviated septum or repair a perforated septum caused by trauma; sometimes done with rhinoplasty for cosmetic correction of the deformities of the nose. surgeon works through the nostrils, making an incision in the lining of the septum to reach the cartilage targeted in the operation. Internal splints may be inserted into the septum and sutured in place. ST provide suction and tap chisel.

is the surgical extraction of a tooth that is partially or completely encompassed by bone.

Bilateral horizontal fractures of the maxilla, Immediately above the teeth and palate, May occur in association with II and III.

Referred to as “panfacial” fractures, Pyramidal, Extends from dorsum of nose, across medial walls of orbit across maxilla below the zygomatic bone.

Facial bones, including the Zygomas are detached from the anterior cranial base. Fracture line extends from the dorsum of the nose and cribriform plate along the medial tip of the lateral wall of the orbit.

A breast lift, also known as mastopexy, raises the breasts by removing excess skin and tightening the surrounding tissue to reshape and support the new breast

is surgery to remove all breast tissue from a breast as a way to treat or prevent breast cancer.

Blepharoplasty is performed to rejuvenate the eye and improve vision.

Technique:

The surgeon determines how much tissue is to be removed by grasping the excess lid skin between forceps.

The skin to be removed is marked using a surgical marker. 

The incision is then made in the supratarsal crease.

The excess skin is excised using the #15 blade.

If there is also excess muscle, it may be excised using Adson forceps with teeth and curved iris scissors.

The incision is then closed using a nonabsorbable subcuticular stitch with a few interrupted sutures between.

face lift, Incision location from above the ear and in front of and behind the pinna, Dissection beneath and elevation of the platysma flap, .      The platysma muscle is sutured back to the mastoid.

Chin surgery, or mentoplasty, is a surgical procedure to reshape the chin either by enhancement with an implant or reduction surgery on the bone.

(Lip Surgery). Trauma. The most common lip surgery is closure of lacerations caused by trauma. Also for cleft lip

or "tummy tuck" is a cosmetic surgery procedure used to make the abdomen thinner and more firm. The surgery involves the removal of excess skin and fat from the middle and lower abdomen in order to tighten the muscle and fascia of the abdominal wall. Incision is a long lower transverse also preserve belly button.

breast enlargement.

related to the back of the body

lateral bone of the forearm.

relating to the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot.

medial bone of the forearm.

toward bodies insertion point of extremity

away from bodies insertion point of extremity

mouth gag

forceps

nasal scissors

remove nasal cartilage