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What is Hydrochlorothiazide's trade name?
HCTZ
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What do Thiazide Diuretics do what in the body for pathology?
1. Lowers blood pressure in 2-4 weeks
2. Inhibits NaCl reabsorption in the distal tubule increasing excretion of Na+ and Cl
3. Decreases extracellular fluid (ECF) decreases SVR (Systemic Vascular Restriction)
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Side Effects for Thiazide diuretics?
1. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances- hypokalemia (low potassium)
2. GI effects Anorexia, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea (A/N/V/D) and Constipation.
3. Erectile dysfunction and decreased libido
4. Decreased glucose tolerance
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Nursing Implications/considerations for Thiazide diuretics?
1. Monitor for orthostatic Hypotension
2. Assess for electrolyte imbalances using lab values. Hypokalemia
3. Supplement with potassium rich foods
4. NSAIDS can decrease diuretic and antihypertensive effects
5. Monitor weight daily
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What classification is Hydrochlorothiazide?
A diuretic
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What is HCTZ's generic name?
Hydrochlorothiazide
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What is Furosemide's trade name?
Lasix
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What is Lasix's generic name?
Furosemide
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What is another loop diuretic besides Lasix?
Bumex
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Lasix works faster than a?
Thiazide Diuretic
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Lasix is what classification?
A loop diuretic
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Loop Diuretic Pathology?
1. Inhibits NaCl reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, increasing excretion of Na+ and Cl-
2. More potent than thiazide but shorter duration
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Loop Diuretic Side Effects?
1. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
2. If given too quickly through IV, causes permanent Ototoxicity-deafness, vertigo, and hearing impairment.
3. Increased LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides.
4. Decreased HDL
5. Hyperglycemia- Increase in blood sugar.
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Loop Diuretic Nursing Implications/Considerations?
1. Monitor for orthostatic hypotension
2. Assess for electrolyte imbalances through lab values
3. Effect increases with doses
4. Remain effective despite renal insufficiency
5. Daily weight
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Spironolactone's Trade name?
Aldactone
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Aldactone's generic name?
Spironolactone
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Aldactone's classification?
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics/ Aldosterone Receptor Blockers
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Potassium-Sparing diuretics/Aldosterone Receptor Blockers do what?
Hold on to potassium in the body.
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Potassium Sparing Diuretic/ Aldosterone Receptor Blockers's Pathology?
1. Reduces K+ and Na+ exchange in the distal and connecting tubules.
2. Reduces excretion of K+, H+, Ca+, and Mg+
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Potassium Sparing Diuretics/Aldosterone Receptor Blockers's Side Effects?
1. Hyperkalemia
2. N/V/D
3. Headache
4. Leg cramps
5. Dizziness
6. Erectile Dysfunction and decreased libido
7. Menstrual Irregularities
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Potassium Sparing Diuretics/Aldosterone Receptor Blockers's Nursing Implications/Considerations?
1. Monitor for orthostatic hypotension and hyperkalemia
2. Contraindicated for clients with renal failure- Asses BUN and Creatine
3. Avoid potassium foods!
4. Use cautiously with patients on ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II blockers
5. Assess skin for rashes, could indicated a life threatening complication.
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Atenolol's trade name?
Tenormin
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Tenormin's generic name?
Atenolol
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Metoprolol's trade name?
Lopressor
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Lopressor's generic name?
Metoprolol
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Temormin & Lopressor's classification?
B-Adrenergeric Blocker (Beta Blocker)
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Any medications ending is LOL is a?
Beta Blocker
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Any medications ending in IL is a ?
ACE Inhibitor
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Any medications ending in ONE is a?
Steroid
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Beta Blocker's pathology?
1. Cardioselective agents that block B1-adrenergic receptors
2. Decreases cardiac output and reduces SVR (systemic Vascular Restriction)
3. Decreases Renin secretion in kidneys
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Beta Blocker's Side Effects?
1. Hypotension
2. Bronchospasm
3. Impaired peripheral circulation
4. Nightmares
5. Depression
6. Erectile Dysfunction
7. Weakness
8. May exacerbate heart failure in some clients
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Beta Blocker's Nursing Implications?
1. Rebound HTN with sudden withdrawal
2. Less effective decreasing BP with African American’s because of the decreased Renin
3. Change position slowly to decrease risk of orthostatic HTN
4. Caution with diabetics
5. Intake and output daily
6. Weight daily
7. Client at increasing risk for HF
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Verapamil's trade name?
Calan
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Calan's generic name?
Verapamil
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Diltiazem ER's trade name?
Cardizem LA
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Cardizem LA's generic name?
Diltiazam Extended Release
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Nifidepine LA's trade name?
Procardia XL
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Procardia XL's generic name?
Nifidepine Long Acting
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Amlodipine's trade name?
Norvasc
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Norvasc's generic name?
Amlodipine
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Verapamil (Calan), Diltiazem Extended Release (Cardizem LA), Nifidepine Long Acting (Procardia XL), & Amlodipine (Norvasc)'s classification?
Calcium Channel Blockers
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ER means?
Extended Release
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XR means?
Extended release
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Calcium Blocker's pathology?
1. Block movement of extracellular calcium into cells causing vasodilation and decreased hear rate and contractility
2. Vascular smooth muscle relaxation resulting in decreased SVR and arterial BP
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Calcium blocker's side effects?
1. Bradycardia
2. First degree heart block
3. Nausea
4. Dizziness
5. Headache
6. Rash
7. Constipation with verapamil
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Calcium blocker's nursing implications?
1. Grapefruit juice can cause toxicity
2. Avoid in patients with 2nd or 3rd degree AV block
3. Intake and weight daily
4. Assess skin for rashes, could indicate a life threatening complication
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Captopril's trade name?
Capoten
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Capoten's generic name?
Captopril
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Enalapril's trade name?
Vasotec
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Vasotec's generic name?
Enalapril
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Lisinopril's trade name?
Prinivil
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Prinivil's generic name?
Lisinopril
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Capoten, Vasotec, & Prinivil's classification?
Angiotension Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)
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Angiotension Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)'s pathology?
1. Reduces conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
2. Inhibits angiotensin II vasoconstriction
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Angiotension Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)'s side effects?
1. Dry hacking cough
2. Dizziness
3. Loss of taste
4. Hyperkalcemia
5. Acute renal failure
6. Skin rash
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Angiotension Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)'s nursing implications?
1. Use with caution with K+ sparing diuretics
2. ASA (aspirin) and NSAIDS, may decrease drug effectiveness
3. Assess for angioedema
4. Monitor weight
5. Hypercalemia (high calcium levels)
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Losartan's Trade name?
Cozaar
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Cozaar's generic name?
Losartan
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Valsartan's trade name?
Diovan
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Diovan's generic name?
Valsartan
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Olmesartan's trade name?
Benicar
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Benicar's generic name?
Olmesartan
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Losartan (Cozaar), Valsartan (Diovan), & Olmesartan (Benicar)'s classification?
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB)
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Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB)'s pathology?
1. Prevent action of angiotensin II and produces vasodilation
2. Decreases blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and after load
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Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB)'s side effects?
1. Hyperkalemia
2. Decreased Renal Function
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Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB)'s Nursing implications?
1. Full effect 3-6 weeks
2. Does not effect bradykinin levels so it is an alternate to ACE in clients with cough
3. Renal clients do NOT use ACE and ARB together
4. Assess for angioedema
5. Daily weight
6. Always look at renal function through lab work
7. Women have a lowered risk for a MI than men using an ARB
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Hydrazaline's trade name?
Apresoline
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Apresoline's generic name?
Hydrazaline
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Nitroglycerine is a?
Vasodilator
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Hydrazaline (Apresoline) & Nitroglycerine's classification?
Vasodilators
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Vasodilator's pathology?
1. Reduces SVR and BP by direct vasodilation
2. At low doses causes venous dilation
3. Relaxes Arterial and venous smooth muscle, reducing preload and SVR
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Vasodilator's side effects?
1. Anemia
2. Vasculitis
3. Glomerulonephritis
4. Headache
5. N/V
6. Tachycardia
7. Palpitations
8. Flushing
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Vasodilator's nursing implications?
1. Use in conjunction with other therapies.
2. Assess for pedal edema
3. Hospitalization required to monitor
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