DCASE Mod 6b

• Cannot penetrate clothing or unbroken skin
• Shielding: Paper/skin/clothing
• Must be ingested or inhaled

• Particles with electrical charge, skin hazard
• Shielding: Plastic, glass, light metals

• Produced from initial radiation, can penetrate ship's hull
• Shielding: concrete, water, oil, polyethylene

• Particles/Initial Radiation
• Can penetrate ship's hull
• Shielding: Lead/Concrete/Earth

• Flash Hood
• Gloves
• Mask

-EMP: 1%

-INITIAL RADIATION: 4%

-THERMAL RADIATION: 35%

-BLAST/SHOCKWAVE: 50%

-RESIDUAL RADIATION: 10%

-ALPHA- SKIN

-BETA- CLOTHING

-GAMMA- CONCRETE

-NEUTRON- LEAD

-HIGH ALTITUDE

-AIR BURST

-SURFACE BURST

-UNDERGROUND/UNDERWATER BURST

NSTM 070

• Missing
• Out of Calibration
• Corroded

• Almost no difference except:
• Significant fallout on dirty bomb
• Effects range on dirty bomb = depends

• Localized Effects Range
• No Fallout/Radiation
• Significant Blast/Shock
• Very little light
• Temperature in the 1000's of degrees

• Temperature in the millions of degrees
• Significant light
• Far reaching effects
• Fallout is 10% of energy
• Initial Radiation is 5% of energy
• Blast/Shock is many times more powerful

Prolonged Exposure from Fallout

• Break DNA chain
• Cell death
• Irreparable damage
• Cell mutations
• Cell reproduction ceases
• Cancer

• PANIC
• MASS CASUALTIES w/ DIFFICULT INJURIES
• MEDICAL FACILITIES OVERLOADED
• CONTAMINATION ISSUES
• GRIDLOCK
• PUBLIC SERVICES DISRUPTED

The impact of an RDD explosion depends upon type of explosive , amount and type of radioactive material,  and weather conditions.

Radiological Dispersal Device

Conventional explosive that is coupled with radioactive material.

• DON Protective Mask
• Circle William
• Send as many individuals as possible to Deep Shelter
• Initiate continuous monitoring & operation of Detection Equipment
• Activate CMWDS Continuously
• Secure non-essential equipment & sea suctions if appropriate

• GQ, set Z
• Strike below nonessential porous, absorbent, & flammable MAT’L
• All non-essential personnel proceed to Deep shelter
• Fill pre-positioned canteens w/ Potable Water
• Activate PRI- DECON STA & CCA’s & assure operability
• Post & monitor detection equipment & MAT’Ls designated by CBR Bill
• Activate CMWDS Intermittently

• Protective Mask is in carrier & worn on person.
• Issue Dosimeters
• Pre-Position DECON Supplies in DECON STA & RPL’s IAW CBR Bill
• OPTEST CMWDS & CHEM ALARM
• Set Material Condition MOD Z

• Conduct Operational INSP of all RAD Detection & Monitoring SYS
• Equip all personnel w/ Protective Masks in carriers
• INV stowed RAD DEF EQUIP & DECON Supplies & Draw Replacement items FM Supply Dept as req.
• Check CAL & OPTEST RADIAC’s
• Review CBR Defense Bill, verify personnel assignments

Set Readiness Condition III & Material Condition YOKE

Sizing and issue of CBRN Individual Protective Equipment (IPE)

–With exception of masks, maintained in storerooms, workspaces, etc

1  Team  Leader

2-4  Hosemen

4-6  Scrubbers

• Top To Bottom
• Forward To Aft
• Windward To Leeward

• Shielding
• Time
• Distance
• Transfer

…FALLOUT CEASES.

DECON Doesn’t Destroy Radioactivity

 GOAL is to restore the object to use

–Monitors are required to mark during detailed or supplementary surveys

–Classified as having intensity Two or More Times That of Surrounding Area

–Caused by the nature of the material in a given location

• Cordage
• Rust
• Scale
• Pools of Water

• Performed:
• 1.At the request of the Commanding Officer
• 2.If the tactical situation permits
• Intended to:
• 1.Cover shipwide or specific areas
• 2.Cover any area in which measured dosages exceed predicted levels by more than 25 percent
• 3.Prior to entering repair facility if industrial decon ordered
• Accuracy is more important than speed
• Utilize the grid map method
• Divide ship into one square yard grid squares

• Performed upon:
• 1.Completion of decon air purge
• 2.Dosimeter measurements not matching predicted dose
• 3.Watch section rotation
• Intended to:
• 1.Confirm/revise stay times
• 2.Localize hot spots for decon
• I.Messing/Berthing/Fan rooms (leave dosimeters)
• II.Assess Contamination of: Food, water, & interior air

• Performed directly following Rapid Internal Survey:
• 1.Also known as “gross external survey”
• 2.Intended to obtain more precise radiation levels topside at vital stations
• 3.Monitoring teams don’t stop to locate, mark and isolate hot spots. Only gathering accurate measurements at action and vital stations

• Performed immediately after cessation of fallout
• Provides indication of the location & severity of hazards at specific internal areas
• External stations monitored from inside the ship
• Survey locations predetermined, marked, and listed in the CBRD Bill

  -  vent ducts      -  weatherdeck doors/hatches      -  sea chests

• Conducted Prior to cessation of Fallout
• Monitor and report Gamma intensities at time intervals determined by DCA
• Beta checks to check for ship infiltration
• DCA determine locations: Repair Lockers, CIC
• Used to determine TC

1.On Station Monitoring


2.Rapid Internal Survey


3.Rapid External Survey


4.Supplementary Survey


5.Detailed Survey

• 8 x 11.5"
• 4 signs, 10 each = 40 signs

Chemical Hazard

Bio Hazard

Radiological Hazard

UXO

• Team Leader
• Recorder
• Messenger

• RADIAC Meter & Probe
• Dosimeters
• Protective Clothing
• Survey Forms
• CBRD Marking Kit

• Detection of contamination inside and outside the ship
• Determine radiation levels and deposition after fallout contamination
• Used to calculate safe stay times
• Identifies topside locations that require decon and hotspots post exposure.

• Detects X-RAY & GAMMA
• Ranges from 10 to 1000 RADS
• Calibrated every 8 years
• Regular hits:
• Missing
• Dead

• Detects
• −SLIDE OPEN: BETA & GAMMA
• −SLIDE CLOSED: GAMMA
• Ranges from 0 mR/hr to 1000 R/hr
• Calibrated every 36 months
• Regular hits:
• Missing Cord
• Cannon Plug damaged
• Out of Cal

• Detects GAMMA radiation only
• Ranges from 0 mR/hr to 1000 R/hr
• Calibrated every 36 months
• Regular hits:
• Dead Batteries
• Inventory incomplete
• Missing Components
• Out of Cal

• FALLOUT DECAY - THREE Columns
• TOTAL DOSE - FIVE Columns

Standard Intensity

Decay Rate

Total Dose

RT

Inside divided by outside

1st plotted reading of THREE readings in a steady decay that form a straight downward diagonal line.

–Highest Plotted Intensity After TA

H-Hour

IT IS A GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF FALLOUT FROM A NUCLEAR DETONATION

• MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE
• The Basis of personnel rotation
• Total Radiological Exposure that (CO) Commanding Officer Will Allow for individual personnel to accumulate.
• Set at 150 RADS. Can be adjusted to exceed requirements.
• Exceptions can be made only with CO approval.
• Based on GAMMA Exposure Only

dose received in a period less than 24 HRS

dose received in a period greater than 24 HRS

dose received from NECK to HIPS; hits all of the VITAL ORGANS including eyes.

• SEVERE WEATHER BILL
• SHIP MANEUVERING
• DEEP SHELTER
• CMWDS (COUNTERMEASURE WASHDOWN)
• MATERIAL CONDITION ZEBRA
• INDIVIDUAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (IPE)
• AVOID TOPSIDE PERSONNEL DURING BLAST
• ISSUE DOSIMETERS (MOPP II)
• CREW ROTATION
• CIRCLE WILLIAM

–YIELD (STRENGTH IN TONS OF DYNAMITE)

–TYPE OF BURST (TYPE OF RADIATION)

–HEIGHT/DEPTH OF BURST

–SHIP’S HARDNESS (RESISTANCE TO RADIATION)

• BASE SURGE
• SHOCK

• RADIOACTIVE POOL
• SHOCK
• BLUEOUT
• CAVITATION

• AT OR SLIGHTLY ABOVE SURFACE
• INITIAL RADIATION
• BLACKOUT
• EMP/TREE
• THERMAL RADIATION
• BLAST/SHOCK WAVE
• **FALLOUT**
• RADIOACTIVE POOL

• BELOW 100,000 FT
• FIREBALL DOESN’T TOUCH SURFACE
• EMP/TREE DAMAGE
• BLACKOUT
• INITIAL RADIATION
• THERMAL RADIATION
• FLASH BLINDNESS
• BLAST/SHOCK WAVE

• 100,000 FT & ABOVE
• **EMP DAMAGE**
• SATELLITE BLACKOUT
• FLASH BLINDNESS

NUCLEAR WEAPON EXPLOSIONS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY THE LOCATION OF THE FIREBALL WITH RESPECT TO THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH

1.INITIAL RADIATION



2.THERMAL RADIATION



3.BLAST/SHOCK WAVE



4.RESIDUAL RADIATION

• Initial Radiation: 4 %
• Residual Radiation: 10 %
• Thermal Radiation: 3 %
• EMP: 1 %
• Blast: 50 %