DCASE MODULE 6A

• Definitive
• Confirmatory
• Presumptive
• (Confirmatory is highest lvl s/f can do)

• JBPDS
• JBAIDS
• DFU W/HHA
• BRK W/HHA

• Higher concentrations required
• Immediate effects
• Less pervasive
• difficult to detect/easy to produce
• highly weather dependent

35 nm

• Bio: smaller payload required
• bio: greater area coverage (150 nm)
• bio: little/no detection ability

• G Series: Non-persistent/persistent
• V Series: Persistent

• Gas/Liquid/Solid
• Odorless/Tasteless
• Percutaneous & inhalational hazard
• Slow hydrolysis

• Pre-treatment: PB Pills
• Post Exposure: 2PAM Chloride, Atropine injectors, CANA/Valium

• Take every 8 hours
• 3x per day

• Most lethal of all nerve agents
• Least volatile of all nerve agents

• blood
• nerve
• blister
• choking

aerosols & ammunitions

• STANDOFF
• POINT
• MONITORING

• Purpose: provides advanced warning
• Source of standoff detection: Intel
• Conserves critical manpower resources

Identifies physical arrival of chemical agent

Establish presence or absence of chem agent

• Detects presence of liquid/nerve/blister agents
• Response time <10 seconds

• Detect blister and nerve liquid agents
• Response Time ~20 seconds

• 1 Team Leader
• 2 Samplers
• 1 Messenger/Marker
• Locate/Mark/Isolate

• 4 types
• 10 of each
• 40 signs

• Periodic (Point Detection)
• On-station Monitoring
• Rapid Internal Survey
• Rapid External Survey
• Supplemental Surveys

• M256A1/A2
• Draeger Tubes (choking agents)
• IPDS-LR
• M8/M9

CBRD Bill

• –Personnel and Patient “Immediate”
• –Limited Operational “Operational”
• –Operationally Complete “Thorough”
• –Chemically Complete  Clearance”

• 1 TL
• 1-2 cutters
• 1 medical representative
• 1 monitor

• 1 triage officer
• 2 corpsman
• 3 decon personnel
• 8 cutters
• 2 senior corpsman
• 1 non medical assistant (like an MA)

• personnel required
• supplies/equipment
• special procedures

• predetermined entrance to uncontaminated interior
• provide means for personnel decon
• prevents spread of contamination

• bootbox
• scissors w/ wash pan
• RSDL kit

NSTM 470

• casualty
• conventional
• cps

95% if used before/during/15 mins after

HTH

• 1 each - Team Leader
• 2-4 each - Hoseman
• –Depends on number of hose teams
• –1 or 2 hose teams
• 4-6 each - Scrubbers
• –Can also serve on hose teams
• Can be augmented with personnel from the chemical survey and monitoring team

NSTM 470

• 1. Provides Toxic-Free Environment
• 2. Total protection vs liquid/solid/gas CBR agents
• 3. Personnel safe w/o protective clothing or masks

• Level I (Shelter Envelope)
• Level II (Min Operational)
• Level III (Max Operational)

• Prefilter
• HEPA filter
• Gas Filter

• 4 year replacement of all filters
• monthly pressure test

4 years

35nm

150 nm

Avoidance

CMWD

• Total Protection
• Limited Protection

• Berthing/Habitable zones
• Covers solid/liquid/gas

• Main Spaces
• covers solid/liquid

• Inspecting/sizing/fit/issue IPE
• CBR gear stored in CBR storeroom

• Suspected Threat
• IPE available and medical supply items issued
• Equipment inventoried
• Conduct optest of CPS
• Set COND III/Yoke

• Possible Threat
• Protective mask is in carrier and worn
• Pre-position detection/monitoring equipment (M8/M9)
• Set Mod Z
• CPS zones pressurized
• Active/monitor detection & sampling equipment (IPDS-LR)

• Probably Threat
• Filters installed on mask
• Put on trousers/coat/overboots
• Stow personnel decon kit in mask carrier (RSDL)
• Initiate PB pill regimen
• CMWD intermittently (15 min intervals)

• Imminent threat
• Don mask, hood, gloves (full suit)
• Set GQ
• Set Circle William
• Active CMWD continuously

• verification with detection equipment (M8/M9)
• Decon/Air Purge (6x air purges)
• If all clear, CO can authorize lower MOPP level

• CO authorizes only if:
• no liquid contaminant present
• no blister vapor present

• personnel/patient
• limited operational
• operationally complete
• chemically complete

• Triage
• Decontamination
• Treatment

• Early Warning
• Avoidance
• Protection
• Decon
• Treatment

NSTM 470

–Bacteria

–Rickettsiae

–Viruses

–Fungi

–Protozoa

–Prions

̶Vectors, irect contact, aerosol spray, food & water

–Unstable in most environments

–Cheap to make

–Fairly difficult to weaponize effectively

–Can be carried up to 150 nm downwind

–Highly weather dependent

–High temperature (>170° F) will kill

–UV rays will destroy

• DCA
• under direction of CHENG

NTTP 3-20.31, Surface Ship Survivability, Appendix B

• 1.Purpose Statement
• 2.Responsibility
• 3.Preparatory Measures
• 4.Active Measures
• 5.CBR Responsibilities
• 6.Nuclear Phase
• 7.Chemical Phase
• 8.Biological Phase
• 9.Enclosures

• 14 mm gloves
• (vice 25 mm gloves)

• 1.COUNTERMEASURE WASHDOWN SYSTEM
• 2.CIRCLE WILLIAM FITTINGS
• 3.DECONTAMINATION PRIORITY LIST
• 4.CONTAMINATION CONTROL AREA
• 5.CASUALTY COLLECTION STATION
• 6.MISSION ORIENTED PROTECTIVE POSTURE (MOPP) LEVELS
• 7.ISSUING OF SUPPLIES
• 8.GUIDANCE FOR POROUS/FLAMMABLE ABSORBENT / MATERIALS
• 9.AIRCRAFT DECON
• 10.EXTERNAL DECON PROCEDURES
• 12.COLLECTIVE PROTECTION SYSTEM (CPS)

–Mycotoxin (fungi)

–Bacterial Toxin (endotoxin/exotoxin)

–Algal Toxin (algal bloom)

–Animal Toxin (rattlesnakes, dart frogs, etc.)

–Plant Toxin (curare, poison ivy)

–Neurotoxin (Systemic Central Nervous System Effects, Botulinum Toxin)

• –Cytotoxin (Cell Destruction, Ricin Toxin)
• Necrotoxin (skin cells)
• Hemotoxin (blood cells)

–Enterotoxin (food poisoning)

–Dermatoxin (skin damage)

−Stable in most conditions

−Easily extracted from nature or produced in labs

−Relatively easy to disseminate/weaponize

−Very persistent

−Quick-acting

−Carry up to 150nm downwind

−Weather dependent

−Limited medical treatment

• Line Source: Aerosol Spray
• Point Source: Missile/Munition, artillery
• Multiple Point Source: Missile/Munition, bomblets
• SAME AS CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS

−Joint Biological Point Detection System (JBPDS)

−DFU (Dry Filter Unit) w/ HHAs (Hand Held Assays)

−BRK (Biological Response Kit) w/ HHAs

−Joint Biological Agent Identification & Diagnostic System (JBAIDS)

• Presumptive (DFU w/HHA, BRK w/HHA, JBPDS)
• Confirmatory (JBAIDS)
• Definitive (CDC/Army)

Treat for symptoms (palliative care)

• 1.Nerve (skin and inhalation hazard)
• –G-series (Sarin, Soman, Tabun)
• –V-series (VX and others)
• 2.Blister (skin and inhalation hazard)
• –H-series (Mustards)
• –L- series (Arsenicals)
• –CX (Urticants)
• 3.Blood (inhalation hazard)
• ̶Hydrogen Cyanide (AC)
• ̶Cyanogen Chloride (CK)
• 4.Choking (inhalation hazard)
• ̶Phosgene (CG)
• ̶Chlorine (CL)

Delete this card later

INTEL

• IPDS-LR
• M8/M9

• M256A1/A2
• M8/M9

–MCU-2/P & M40A1 (C2A1)

–M50 JSGPM (M61)

−C2A1 protects 60 days in uncontaminated environment, 30 days in contaminated environment

−M61 provides 24 hours of constant protection in a CW/BW environment

–Degraded when exposed to blood agent and water

–Shelf life in vacuum sealed package: 5 years

–Protects for 45 of wear/120 days after opening in uncontaminated environment, 24 hours in contaminated environment

• Protect yourself
• –Stop breathing, don mask
• –Remove liquid contaminants with RSDL Skin Decon Kit
• Protect others
• –Mask victims
• –Sound alarm
• –Move victims/casualties to CCA/Decon Station
• –Alert Medical personnel to location of casualties
• –Continue with mission

–Team Leader, 2 Surveyors, Messenger/Marker


–Locate, Mark and Isolate areas of contamination

–Colored signs with grease pencil info on back

–Hang to prevent access to contaminated area

–Sampler, Assistant Sampler, Boundaryman/Packager

–Team Leader

–2-4 Hosemen

• –4-6 Scrubbers
• Can be augmented with surveyors & monitors after monitoring is complete

• –Personnel and Patient (Immediate)
• Self/Buddy Aid

• –Limited Operational (Operational)
• Mission essential areas; prevents the spread

• –Operationally Complete (Thorough)
• Highest level ship can obtain; reduces MOPP level

• –Complete (Clearance)
• All contamination removed; industrial facility

• –PHYSICAL REMOVAL: CMWDS/Scrubbing
• –NATURAL DECAY: Weather
• –CHEMICAL NEUTRALIZATION: HTH

–HTH (#1), bleach, with GP cleaner

–Soap & water (#1 for people, sensitive electronics equipment)

• –Team Leader
• –1-2 Decon Station Assistants (Cutters) (inside station)
• –Station Monitor (Operator)
• –Medical representative

–Triage (prioritize need for care and decon), Decon and Treat

–CHAPTER 7 SEC 2

Ability of pathogen to cause disease

• Rapid internal
• rapid external
• supplementary

• Phosgene
• (Choking Agent)

Mission Essential Areas

• Development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention or transfer of chemical weapons
• Use of chemical weapons
• Engagement in Military preparations to use weapons.

• Research & development for industrial, agricultural, medical or pharmaceutical activity
• Defensive research related to the protection against chemical weapons
• Agents used for riot control purposes (Riot Control Agents – RCA)

microorganisms that can harm humans.

• pathogens
• toxins

poisonous substances produced by plants, animals, or microorganisms, but they can also be made in laboratories.

The ability of infectious agents to transfer from one organism to another either, directly (person to person) or indirectly (insect vectors).

A chemical or biological agent that can harm the skin or enter the body through unbroken skin.

The ability of infectious agents to live and remain a hazard in the environment

• The ability of infectious agents to permeate and remain present throughout an area or a population due to their small size. 
• The capacity to penetrate to interior shipboard spaces and surfaces.

The relative ability of infectious agents to produce disease.

• The capability of being vaporized.
• Measure of how readily an agent evaporates

Viability is the ability of a pathogen to live in storage and then to reproduce itself after dissemination

• Low Agent Requirement: It does not require a large amount of a given agent to produce an effect.
• Delayed Effects.
• Pervasiveness: Infectious agents are light and wind blown
• Difficult to Detect: Intel only
• Easy to Produce.
• Non‑Destructive: Infectious agents do not destroy structures
• Weather Dependent.

• As an AEROSOL, by coughing, sneezing or simply breathing.
• DIRECT CONTACT with an infected host.
• Contamination of FOOD & WATER supplies by food service personnel who have become infected or contaminated.
• Transmission by VECTORS.

150 nm

• Active: Requires good INTEL and advance warning
• Passive: Split into methods BEFORE, DURING, and AFTER attack

• Personal Hygiene.
• Good Ship-wide Sanitation.
• Current Immunizations
• Training.

• Protective Mask.
• Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology (JSLIST).
• Use Countermeasure Washdown System
• Set Circle William
• Ensure Collective Protection System is operating at required pressure (If installed).

• Shipboard Decon. (9% solution HTH)
• Personnel Decon.(Soap and Water)
• Food Decon.
• Water Decon.
• Personnel Quarantine.

An organically produced substance which inhibits or prevents the functions of living cells, or directly causes destruction of the cellular structures.

An organically derived substance which selectively alters the sodium ion permeability of neuronal membranes, resulting in a pathological dysfunction of the neural path.

A minimum number of organisms (pathogens) required to produce infection in a human host.

• Neurotoxin
• Cytotoxin (hemo/necro)
• Enterotoxin
• Dermatoxin

• Mycotoxin
• Biological Toxin (Entero/Endo)
• Algal Toxin
• Animal Toxin
• Plant Toxin

Aerosolized Point/Line methods

• 1. Lethality with smaller payloads
• 2. Downwind hazard extends to 150 nm
• 3. Extremely limited field detection capability
• 4. Little medical protection available (stockpile anti-toxins)

• Botulinum
• Ricin
• Staphylococcus

• HTH Solution
• Personnel: Shower with soap and warm water

• Primarily supportive/palliative
• Antitoxin therapy requires precise identification of the toxin

At least every 12 hours, the filter inside the DFU should be changed and tested if a threat is deemed to exist.

Handheld Assay

• Biological Response Kit
• A bag of stuff with an HHA

• Joint Bio Point Detection System
• Detects and identifies bio-agents
• Ability to detect and ID up to ten agents
• consists of BBSU, ECS, and an UPS

• Startup
• Standby
• Standard
• Shutdown
• Single-Sample
• Periodic
• Dry Detection

• Joint Bio Agent ID System
• confirmatory testing of biological pathogens and is fielded to CVN and large amphibious assault ships.

• Shipboard
• Collective Protection System (CPS)
• Countermeasure Washdown System (CMWDS)
• Closing of Circle William fittings
• Personnel
• JSLIST
• PPE/Masks

The amounts of chemical agent present in a unit volume of air, or unit of surface area, at a given time

measure of how readily an agent evaporates.

• Blood
• Blister
• Nerve
• Choking

• Psychochemical
• Physiochemical

• Persistent (greater than 24 hrs)
• Little downwind hazard

• Semi-persistent (15 mins to 24 hrs)
• Definite downwind hazard

• Non-persistent (less than 15 mins)
• No downwind hazard

• Casualty
• Incapacitating
• Chemical compounds (i.e. tear gas)

• V-Series (Persistent)
• VX
• G-Series (Semi-Persistent)
• Sarin

• Nerve Agents
• Blister Agents
• Blood Agents
• Choking Agents
• Psychochemicals
• Physiochemicals
• Tear Agents
• Vomiting Agents

• Soman (GD)
• Semi-Persistant Nerve Agent

• VX
• Persistent Nerve Agent

• Stop Breathing & Mask Yourself.
• Sound the Alarm
• Don JSLIST suit (if not already on), if in area ofliquid contact.
• ID & treat mild symptoms in yourself. (Self-aid- see Section 6.5)

• The CO may start shipboard pretreatment up to one week prior to entry into an area of operations that has a high probability of nerve agent exposure. 
• Tablets are taken orally, one tablet every eight hours.

• PB Tabs
• 2PAM Cl
• Atropine Injectors
• Diazepam

• Don PPE
• Self-Administer 1x Atropine, 1x 2PAM Cl
• Wait 15 mins

Use all of his/her 6x injectors

inhalation

• Hydrogen Cyanide
• Blood Agent

• Hydrogen Cyanide
• Cyanogen Chloride

• Don PPE
• Get to casualty collection area

• Phosgene
• Chlorine

Phosgene

• Pulmonary Edema
• Caused by choking agents

• Physio chemical
• Psychochemical (LSD)

• Tear Gas
• Vomiting Agent
• Training Agent
• Herbicide

• Standoff
• Point

• IPDS-LR
• M8/M9 Paper
• JBPDS

Detects chemical agents but does not differentiate them

Detects G/V Nerve Agents, Blister Agents

In general, the purpose of chemical agent surveys is to locate, mark, and isolate chemical agents in either liquid or vapor form.

• Periodic Monitoring (detect arrival of liquid chem agents)
• On-Station Monitoring (during attack, determine if vapor hazard inside ship)
• Rapid Internal Survey (after suspected attack, determine if hazard in selected vital space)
• Rapid External Survey (after attack with liquid agent, determine if contamination at vital topside station)

• M-9 Chemical Agent Detection Paper: 2 rolls per Repair Locker.
• M-256A1 Chemical Agent Detection/Identification Kit: 10 Kits per Repair Locker.

• Team Leader
• Two Samplers
• Messenger/Marker

Blister, Nerve, Blood Agents in VAPOR form

• Blister, Nerve Agents in VAPOR/LIQUID form
• Blood Agents in VAPOR form

• Blister + Nerve Agents in Vapor/Liquid/Solid form
• Blood Agents in Vapor form

The authorized allowance for the MCU-2/P mask is 105% of the manning per the Ship's Manning Document (SMD)--this includes 5% for sizing and training.

When stored in the original factory sealed packaging, the shelf life for the JSLIST is 5 years.


From the day the JSLIST is first removed from the factory packaging, the JSLIST remains servicable for 45 days of cumulative wear time within 120 total days

The JSLIST remains effective for 24 hours of wear in a contaminated environment. After exposure to a contaminated environment, the JSLIST cannot be repacked nor laundered.

Protects against liquid, solid, and gaseous CBR agents.

provides filtered air protecting against liquid and solid CBR agents but not agents in vapor form.

connects directly between pressurized area and open atmosphere (weather decks).

connects between pressurized area and non-pressurized interior of ship including access between TP and LP zones.

interconnects between two pressurized areas (TP zone to TP zone)

Provides a predetermined entrance into the uncontaminated interior of the ship.

•  
• Prevents spread of contamination throughout the ship.

•  
• Provides a means for decontamination of personnel.

• 1-3. Outer Clothing Undressing Area (OCUA)
• 4. Inner Clothing Undress Area (ICUA)
• 5. Shower Area
• 6. Contamination Purge Lock (CPL)

The objective is to destroy, neutralize, or remove chemical contamination from mission essential areas

The objective is to allow the ship's force to perform their assigned tasks without wearing masks or protective clothing.

• Personnel/Patient
• Limited Operational
• Operationally Complete
• Chemically Complete

• 9% on tough surfaces
• 3-5% for general use

NSTM 470, Appendix F

Provides information concerning optimum CMWDS use/duration, use of weathering for operational decontamination, and determination of manpower intensive decontamination requirements.