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Developmental Theories and Education

  1. Learning
    any relatively permanent change in behaviour brought about by experience or practice.
  2. unconditioned stimulus
    a stimulus that naturally and automatically leads to a response
  3. unconditioned response
    unlearned response that occurs naturally as a reaction to an unconditioned stimulus
  4. conditioned stimulus
    a neutral stimulus that comes to stimulate a conditioned response
  5. conditioned response
    same response as the UCR but in response to the CS
  6. vicarious conditioning
    The learning of various attitudes, feelings, beliefs and emotions, not through direct exposure to a stimulus, but through observing how others react to it.
  7. classical conditioning
    an association is made between a stimulus and an uncontrollable response
  8. operant conditioning
    a process through which a response becomes more or less likely to occur depending on its consequences
  9. reinforcer
    a consequence that increases the likelihood of a behaviour
  10. punisher
    a consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behaviour
  11. positive (operant conditioning)
    a stimulus is added to the student's environment
  12. negative (operant conditioning)
    a stimulus is removed from the student's environment
  13. shaping
    reinforcing successive approximations of the final, complex target behaviour
  14. Social Learning Theory
    learning is a result of observing the consequences of others behaviour
  15. schema
    an pattern of understanding of how the world works
  16. adaptation
    learning through the process of assimilation or accomodation
  17. assimilation
    new information is consisted into an already existing schema
  18. accomodation
    a schema is modified, or a new schema is creating, to incorporate new information
  19. disequilibrium
    a state where a schema does not match a person's experience
  20. equilibrium
    a state achieved after accomodation
  21. sensorimotor stage
    • ages 0-2
    • manipulating objects
    • developing object permanence
  22. object permanence
    understanding that an object continues to exist even after it is out of sight
  23. preoperational reasoning stage
    • ages 2-6/7
    • language development
    • thinking is based on perception
    • understanding of symbolism
    • difficulties with understanding conservation
  24. concrete operational stage
    • ages 6/7 - 11/12
    • logical thinking is applied to real-life objects
  25. formal operational stage
    • ages 11/12-life
    • logical thinking can be applied to abstract concepts
    • capable of advanced reasoning
Author
stasiact
ID
334321
Card Set
Developmental Theories and Education
Description
What is learning? Lecture notes Sept 6. Covering Behaviourism (classical and operant conditioning), Social Learning Theory, and the Theory of Cognitive Development.
Updated

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