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Two of the most widespread of all human maladies, which result from the accumulation of many different species of bacteria:
- - Dental caries
- - Periodontal diseases
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Dental plaque is a _____ acquired, multi-species biofilm
naturally
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depending on the ___ in the plaque can determine if the patient will develop caries or periodontal disease.
bacteria
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For bacteria to adhere to the surface, it requires two types of reaction:
- 1. Physciochemical (electrostatic forces & hydophobic bonding)
- 2. Biochemical
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_____(number) different species of bacteria make up dental plaque
150
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Microbes in the mouth are found naturally from the environment. Bacteria are acquired from:
- ▪ Atmosphere
- ▪ Food
- ▪ Human contact
- ▪ Contact from animals, such as pets
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_____ subsequently form colonies between saliva and oral soft and hard tissues (ie. tonsils).
Bacteria
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Prior to eruption the external surface of tooth enamel is lined by remnants of the enamel-forming organ. which are the _____ and _____.
reduced enamel epithelium and the basal lamina.
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subsurface organic material appears as a fringelike structure attached to the basal lamina and is composed of residual enamel matrix proteins is called _____.
subsurface pellicle.
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______ derived from dental origin.
Endogenous origin
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_____ is acquired following the eruption of teeth
Exogenous origin
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An erupted tooth immediately becomes covered by a thin, microscopic coating of saliva materials.
• It is acquired after tooth eruption and is exogenous in nature and is referred as to?
- acquired pellicle.
- It's acellular and primarily of glycoproteins
-
______ are protein with a carbohydrate component.. the acquire pellicle consist of these proteins
glycoproteins
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If _____ is displaced during prophy, immediately reforms
glycoproteins
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Microorganisms depend on _____ for a binding site to the superficial enamel
competitive inhibition
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The initial bacterial attachment to the acquired pellicile is thought to involve __________ between molecules or portions of molecules.
physicochemical interactions
-
Bacteria have external cell-surface proteins termed _____
adhesions.
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The bacterial cells in the biofilm are surrounded by an intercellular plaque matrix which is composed of both ____and ______.
- organic
- inorganic components.
-
A source of energy which is ____is required for metabolism to occur.
sucrose
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Once exposed to sucrose, microorganisms produce?
- • Acid
- • Intracellular polysaccharides
- • Extracellular polysaccharides
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_____ is a hard calcified deposit of plaque that has become mineralized.
calculus
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The term ____ is derived from the Latin word meaning “pebble” or “stone”.
calculus
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______ itself is not harmful and cannot be removed by brushing or flossing.
Calculus
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Its the bacteria that attaches to the _____ of the calculus that is damaging and pathogenic.
superficial surface
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________ may be affected by behavioral factors and systemic conditions if not removed.
dental calculus
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Crystals in calculus include:
- ▪ Hydroxyapatite
- ▪ Brushits
- ▪ Whitlockite
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____ calculus usually appears as a yellow to white mass with a chalky consistency
Supragingival
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calculus appears gray to black in color and has a flintlike consistency.
Subgingival
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_____ calculus forms from calcium phosphate and organic material derived from blood serum.
subgingival
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______ calculus forming on the tooth coronal to the gingival margin frequently develops opposite the duct orifices of the major salivary glands. Found where saliva pools on the lingual surfaces of the mandibular incisors
Supragingival
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Calculus formation requires the mineralization of plaque
▪ This begins in the ____ and eventually spreads to include the _____
- extracellular matrix
- bacterial cell wall.
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What can help you prevent the accumulation of plaque?
Effective tooth brushing
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Subgingival calculus derives its minerals from ____ that is found in the sulcus and periodontal pocket,
inflammatory exudate
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_______ is associated with gingivitis and periodontitis
subgingival plaque
-
________ is associated with caries and gingivitis
supragingival plaque
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The time between the onset of the incipient lesion and the development of cavitation is rapid and extensive , the condition is referred to as _______.
rampant dental caries
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Who is the ADA?
- American dental association
- promotes good oral health to the public while representing the dental profession.
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what publication does the ADA provide every year?
JADA The Journal of the American Dental Association publish articles of interest to oral health care professionals, provide a brief overview of the article content, and offer a scientific- and evidence-based assessment of the published research.
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