1. Increase in structure
2. Increase in function from lower to more advanced stages
3. increase in competence and adaptability; aging
a. Maturation
b. development
c. growth
1. c
2. b
3. a
Fill in: growth usually doubles at __a__ and triples at __b__.
a. 6 months
b. 1 year of age
This term refers to growth and development from the head toward the feet
Cephalocaud
List some critical periods that a child must be introduced to
First language in the first few years of life, as well as vision
List these growth norms in order
a. growth spurts
b. period of decreasing growth and attainment of max height
c. very rapid
d. slow, steady
1. c
2. d
3. a
4. b
Fill in average growth of height in inches with each growth period
1. infant
2. 1st year
3. 2nd year
4. Preschool
5. 6-10 years
6. Peak (say at which age for boys and which for girls)
1. infant: 20"
2. 1st year: 10"
3. 2nd year: 5"
4. Preschool: 3"
5. 6-10 years: 2"
6. Peak for boys: 14 y/o, girls: 12 y/o
What is the average birth weight?
7.5lbs
In average, at 4-7 months of age, a baby's weight will __a__ and by 1 year, it will __b__
a. double
b. triple
On average, preschool and beyond, a child's weight will increase __a__ lbs per year.
5
What are the 3 ways bone formation changes after infancy?
- connective tissue
- bone and shaft ends
1. fetal development connective tissue becomes cartilage
2. Cartilage persists between the shaft and end of the bone
3. By 5 months gradually replaced by bone
State how many teeth a child will have at each period:
1. birth
2. 5-7 months
3. 1 year
4. 2.5 years
1. birth: have all deciduous teeth
2. 2 lower
3. 6 teeth
4. 20 teeth
Can you use tetracycline with babies? Why or why not?
No: it may cause reduced growth of some bones, and permanent discoloration of teeth
A baby will be amylase deficient until the age of...
C. 3 months
What is age appropriate to start teaching a child to use a cup?
8-10 months
A child should have 3 meals/day by __a__ year. Or every couple of hours
1 year
T or F: Swallowing will not be effective until the 3rd month, drooling common.
False: 6 months
On average, a baby's immune system will start functioning at __a__ months and complete at __b__ years.
a. 2 months
b. 2 years
Match how the baby receives each:
1. IgG
2. IgA
3. IgM
a. Produced by baby
b. Breastfed
c. Placenta
1. c
2. b
3. a
When will IgA, IgE and IgD be plentiful for a child?
Not til preschool
___ is found in colustrum and vital to protect the GI
D.
T or F: a baby will have the ability to adjust to cold temperatures by 6 months
true
What are normal HR at birth and 1 year?
birth: 110-160
1 year: 100-120
If pulse slows with inhalation, this could be a sign of ____
sinus arrhythmia
At what age will a child's cardio/resp. system be close to adult norms?
10 year
T or F: a child's chest and head are equal by the 2nd year
False: 1st year
At what age will a child have all primary teeth?
30 months
What are the differences of the fontanels of a infant vs. toddler
Infant: posterior is closed by 6-8 weeeks, anterior remains open
Toddler: anterior closes between 12-18 months
At birth to 3 months, what can the child do with each category:
1. Personal-social
2. Fine motor
3. Language
4. Gross motor
1. smiles responsively then spontaneously
2. Grasps rattle and hold hands together
3. Laughs, squeals, vocalizes without crying
4. Lifts head
At 4-6 months, , what can the child do with each category:
1. Personal-social
2. Fine motor
3. Language
4. Gross motor
1. works for toy, begins holding holding bottle
2. palmer grasp, reaches for objects
3. turns towards voice, imitates speech
4. some weight bearing, sits with support, no head lag
At 7-9 months, , what can the child do with each category:
1. Personal-social
2. Fine motor
3. Language
4. Gross motor
1. indicates wants, pat-a-cake, bye bye, stranger anxiety 2. Crude pincer grasp, takes cubes and bangs, passes hand to hand
3. nonspecific jabbers
4. creeps, pulls to stand
At 10-12 months, what can the child do with each category:
1. Personal-social
2. Fine motor
3. Language
4. Gross motor
1. plays ball, imitates activities, drinks from cup
2. neat pincer grasp
3. specific jabber
4. stands alone, begins walking
At 12-18 months, what can the child do with each category:
1. Personal-social
2. Fine motor
3. Language
4. Gross motor
1. imitates housework, uses spoons, removes clothes, drinks from cup
2. scribbles, builds tower with blocks
3. 6 words or more
4. kicks ball, walks
At 19-24 months, what can the child do with each category:
1. Personal-social
2. Fine motor
3. Language
4. Gross motor
1. Puts on clothes, washes hands, brushes teeth
2. imitates vertical line, builds with more cubes
3. combines words, names pictures
4. throws overhead, jumps in place
With a toddler, what can the child do with each category:
1. Personal-social
2. Fine motor
3. Language
4. Gross motor
1. puts on T-shirt, can name a friend
2. wiggles thumbs, builds with 8 cubes
3. knows 2 actions verbs, 2 adjectives, names color
4. Balances on 1 foot briefly, pedals tricycle
What is the visual acuity of a toddler?
C.
At what age is there object permanence (objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed)?
By 19-24 months, begins around 10 months
By this age, a child will have known around 300 words
2 years
What are the 3 colors infants recognize?
black, white, red
At what age will a child begin gender identity?
2-2.5 y/o
List immunizations a child should have
Hep A/B
Rotavirus, HIB, PCV, IPV
DTaP
MMR
Varicella
Tdap
VS
List the time frames DTap should be administered (months to years)
2, 4, 6 months
Then 15-18 months
Then 4-6 years
At what age should a Tdap be given?
11-12 and older
If a newborn weighs 7.5 lbs, how much should they weigh at 6 months? 12 months?
6 months: 15 lbs
1 year: 22.5 lbs
say if this is infant or toddler behavior:
1. crying is only way of communicating needs
2. Does not separate easily
3. Prefers rituals/routine
4. Negativistic
5. Fear of strangers 7-8 months
6. Has a favorite "security object"
7. Self asserted and frustrated with limits
8. Fear of strangers normal
1. infant
2. toddler
3. toddler
4. toddler
5. infant
6. toddler
7. toddler
8. infant
T or F: a 3 month old should have NO head lag
False: birth to 3 month old can lift head, but 4-6 months will have no head lag
At what months will a baby have nonspecific and specific jabber?
7-9: non specific
10-12: specific
At what months can a child remove clothing? put on clothing?
12-18 months: remove
19-24 months: put on clothing
Describe posture ; gait of toddlers
significant lordosis and protrusion of abdomen
walks like a duck with a wide based gait and side to side
Object permanence will begin at __a__, and complete by __b__ months.
a. 10
b. 19-24
Put these infant socialization stages in order
recognize faces
laughs
cries if objects removed
dances
social smile
fear of strangers
