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Prenatal period-
the time from conception to birth
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Zygote-
the first new cell resulting from conception
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Germinal stage-
the period of development that lasts from the time of fertilization until the blast cyst (hollow ball)
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Embryonic stage-
the period of development during which the embryo develops at a rapid rate, and all of the organ systems of the body are bid in place (last about 6 weeks)
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Fetal stage-
the period of development during which the organs of the body continue increase in function (includes months 3-9)
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Point of viability-
the time in which the fetus could survive if it was born prematurely
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Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)-
a problem in which smaller babies with retarded growth, poor coordination, poor muscle tone and intellectual retardation results when the mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy
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Neonate-
the name given to a newborn
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Information processing approach-
focus on changes in basic information processing system; quantitative approach
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Piaget’s Stages of Development-
4 stages:
1) sensorimotor (birth – 2 years)
2) preoperational (2 – 7 years)
3) concrete operational (7 – 11 years)
4) formal operational (11- adulthood)
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Schemas-
according to Piaget, integrated mental representations that children construct to make sense of the world
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Organization-
predisposition to integrate individual schemas into organized units
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Adaptation-
according to Piaget, the process of developing the appropriate schemas to meet the demands of the environment
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Assimilation-
according to Piaget, a process that occurs when a child incorporates new information into an existing schema
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Accommodation-
according to Piaget, the process that allows a child to modify his or her schemas in order to account for new objects or experiences (or to create new schemas)
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Sensorimotor stage-
Piaget’s stage of cognitive development (birth to 2 years) in which children discover by sensing (sensori -) and by doing (motor)
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Object permanence-
the awareness that objects still exist even if they cannot be seen and that their reappearance is anticipated
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Preoperational stage-
Piaget’s stage of cognitive development (2 – 7 years) in which a child’s thinking in self – centered, or egocentric
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Concrete operations stage-
Piaget’s stage of cognitive development (7 – 11 years) in which children begin to develop many new concepts and show that they can manipulate these concepts
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Conservation-
the awareness that changing the form or appearance of something does not change what it really is
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Formal operation stage-
Piaget’s stage of cognitive development (12 and older) characterized by the logical manipulation of abstract, symbolic concepts
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