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What are the 6 principles of human d/ment?
- 1. development equires change
- 2. early d/ment is essential for later d/ment
- 3. pattern of d/ment is orderly and predictable
- -cephalocaudal
- -proximodistal
- 4. d/ment requires maturation and learning
- 5. growth and d/ment are continuous
- 6. rates of d/ment are unique
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What are the three stages of prenatal d/ment?
- 1. germinal
- 2. embryonic
- 3. foetal
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What does APGAR stand for?
- Activity
- Pulse
- Grimace
- Appearance
- Respiration
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What is the APGAR used for?
To measure the health of newly born babies
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When is the APGAR test administered?
- 1 min after birth
- 5 min after birth
(twice)
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State PIES d/ment during infancy:
- Physical: rapid, basic m/skills
- Intellectual: recognising own name
- Emotional: recognising others
- Social: smiling
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State PIES d/ment during childhood:
- Physical: steady growth, increase in height
- intellectual: increase in vocab
- Emotional: dealing with school stresses and feelings
- Social: learning to share and take turns
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What is a perinatal condition?
A condition that causes the death of a baby within the first 28 days.
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What is a congenital abnormality?
A malformity of a body part
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What is the largest contributor to infant mortality in Australia?
Perinatal conditions.
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What is the highest contributor to childhood mortality?
Injury
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Name 1 element of each BBPS that can affect Aus children:
- Biological - body weight
- Behvaioural - maternal nutrition (drugs, alcohol, breastfeeding)
- Physical - child safety
- Social(family) - parenting styles
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state some factors how low birth weight affects infant health?
- -increase risk of airway blockage
- -decrease in exercise capacity
- -increased risk of h/r issues and asthma
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state some factors how low birth weight affects infant d/ment?
- -decrease lung functioning
- -decrease muscle mass
- - decrease co-ordination & reflexes
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Explain what is maternal nutrition:
maternal nutrition is the food and nutrients the mother consumes during pregnancy which is transferred to the baby or 'foetus'
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What is folates role in maternal nutrition?
Folate reduces risk of neural tube defects.
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Explain the effects of a neural tube defect:
- -lack of feeling in legs
- -increased risk of burns
- -sexual dysfunction
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what is the affect/role of iron and calcium in maternal nutrition?
Calcium: required for the strengthening and d/ment of bones
Iron: carries oxygen in the blood, transfers to foetus through placenta.
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what are some impacts on health through maternal alcohol consumption?
- -behavioural problems
- -brain functioning
- -learning difficulties
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what are some impacts on d/ment through maternal alcohol consumption?
- -low birth weight
- -smaller jaw
- -smaller head
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name 3 things to improve child safety in the home:
- -make sure appliances are turned off when not in use
- -lock poison cabinets
- -keep things out of reach
- -seal off stairs
- -create soft flooring
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name the 3 parenting styles;
- 1. Authoritarian
- 2. Authoritative
- 3. permissive
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Describe the 3 styles of parenting:
- Authoritarian - overemphasis on discipline, direct parenting style with routinely structure.
- Authoritative - effectively communicate fair discipline rules while balancing child's self-esteem.
- Permissive - lack of interest in child, fail to discipline, little or no expectations, child is generally more immature.
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Explain: D/ment requires change.
What number principle of human d/ment?
- Child must develop various aspects and cannot remain there same.
- there must be either growth or decline.
#1
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Explain: early d/ment is essential for later d/ment.
What number principle of human d/ment?
A child must learn to walk before they can run.
#2
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Explain: Patterns of d/ment are orderly and predictable.
What are the 2 sub categories?
What number principle of human d/ment?
- Development is gentically programmed and development milestones will generally occur in sequential order.
- - Proximodistal
- - Cephalocaudal
#3
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Explain: d/ment requires maturation and learning.
What number principle of human d/ment?
a child must grow in various aspects before they are able to further their skills and knowledge.
#4
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Explain: growth and d/ment are continuous.
What number principle of human d/ment?
Growth and d/ment never stop there is always some sort of cycle.
#5
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Explain: rates of d/ment are unique
What number principle of human d/ment?
People peak and reach different milestones and various times.
#6
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Define Proximodistal:
- Development occurs from the inside out.
- It occurs from the spine the arms and legs to the hands and feet then fingers and toes.
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Define Cephalocaudal:
- Development occurs from head to toe.
- The head and upper body parts develop first and work down towards the toes.
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