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Dentition
general arrangement of the natural teeth in the jawbone
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Primary dentition
- 1st dentition
- 20 baby teeth
- decicous dentition (exfoliated/shed)
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Second dentition
- permanent dentition
- secondary dentition
- succadaneous dentiton
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Incisors
biting and cutting food during mastacian
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canines
pierce or tear food
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premolars
assist molars in grinding and assist canines in tearing during mastacian
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molars
grind food during mastacian
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clinical consideration for tooth type
the goal for the clinician in restoring teeth is to get the teeth to their proper shape, because maintaining toothe shape=maintaining tooth function
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Universal system for tooth designation
used most in the U.S. becuase it is adaptable to electronic data transfer. Observed as though facing pt.
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Primary teeth in universal system
- Max. Jaw= A-J from pt. right-left
- Mand. Jaw= K-T from pt. left-right
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Permanent teeth in universal system
- Max. Jaw= 1-16 from pt. right-left
- Mand. Jaw= 17-32 from pt. left-right
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International standards organization (ISO)
or
Federation dentitaire internationale's system (FDI)
system used internationally and also used by World Health Organization. Observed as though facing pt.
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ISO or FDI use a ______ code.
2 digit
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What are the 2 digits used in the FDI or ISO?
- 1st digit= quadrant
- 2nd digit= tooth
- permanent teeth go from 1-8 from midline-distal
- primary teeth go from 1-5 from midline-distal
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Palmer method
commonly used in orthodontics. observed as though facing pt.
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Palmer method design
designated with a right angle representing the quadrant, and the number or letter of tooth in that quadrant
- permanent 1-8 from midline-distal
- primary a-e from midline-distal
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Primary dentition period
- starts with eruption of first tooth, and ends with eruption of first permanent tooth
- between 6 months-6 yrs
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What is usually the first primary tooth to erupt?
mandibular central incisors
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What is usually the first permanent tooth to erupt?
mandibular 1st molar
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Describe the jawbone during primary dentition period
it is growing to accomodate more teeth
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Mixed dentition
starts with eruption of first permanent tooth (usually mandibular first molar) and ends with shedding of last primary tooth. from about 6 yr.-12 yr.
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Describe the jawbone during the mixed dentition period.
it is growing the most in this stage, thus it is a good stage for braces.
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Why are primary teeth whiter than permanent teeth?
primary teeth have more enamel and less dentin. Permanent teeth are reversed.
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Do females or males typically loose their primary teeth faster?
females
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Ugly duckling stage
clinical consideration of mixed dentition stage because the teeth are all different sizes and colors
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gingiva during mixed dentition stage
inflammed gums caused by temporary crowding of teeth and edentulous
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Juvenlie periodontitis
bone loss around molars and mandibular anterior teeth as young as 10 years old.
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Oral hygiene during mixed dentition stage
poor due to biofilm retention. Pt.s at this age and stage need to be well educated on how to take care of their teeth
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Permanent dentition stage
starts at shedding of last baby tooth. about 12 yrs. teeth usually errupt in pairs
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How can you tell if teeth are congenitally missing? Or impacted?
pano
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Alveolus/alveoli
tooth socket
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alveolar process
tooth bearing portion of each jawbone
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occlusion
the way the teeth of the mandibular arch come in contact with the teeth of the maxillary arch. Also describes anatomical alignment of teeth and their relationship with the rest of the teeth
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Anterior teeth
incisors and canines
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posterior teeth
molars and premolars
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sextants
instead of 4 quads, use 6 sections 2 sets of molars on right side, 2 sets of anterior teeth, and 2 sets of molars on left side
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Cementoenamal junction (CEJ)
an external line at the neck or cervix of the tooth, an area where the enamal of the crown, and cementum of the root come close to meeting
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What are the 3 ways the enamel and cementum may meet? and the percentage of which they do?
- overlapping= 60%
- edge to edge= 30%
- gap between= 10%
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Anatomical Crown
portion of tooth covered by enamal. Most constant over tooth life, except in cases of attrition where teeth have been physically grownd down
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clinical crown
portion of tooth you can see above gums (it changes with the gingival level)
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Anatomical root
portion covered by cementum
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clinical root
portion of root that is visible (varies over time and age)
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Where is the root of tooth the widest?
widest at CEJ and taper towards apex
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Is the root of the tooth bulkier on the facial and buccal side? Or lingual side?
facial and buccal side
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On what side does the root taper?
lingual side
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Root axis line
imaginary line representing the long axis of the tooth. It helps determine angulation during instrumentation
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endoscopy
samll camera showing root surface, helpful in perio
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facial surface
close to face
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labial surface
close to lips (anterior)
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buccal
close to cheecks (buccal)
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lingual/palatal
tongue side
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incisal/occlusal
biting surface
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mesial
surface closest to midlin
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distal
surface farthest from midline
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proximal
mesial and distal surface between adjacent teeth
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interproximal space
area between adjacent tooth surfaces
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contact
proximal surface where adjacent teeth touch
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height of contour
contact area on a specific crown surface which is the greatest elevation of tooth (mesial distal contact)
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proximal CEJ curvature
- greatest on anterior teeth-least on posterior teeth.
- greater on mesial than distal of tooth
- helps distinguish left from right on extracted teeth
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embrasure
triangular spaced shape between 2 teeth continuous with the interproximal space
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line angles
formed by junction of 2 crown surfaces
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point angle
formed by the junction of 3 crown surfaces
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Crown thirds
- horizontally= cervical, middle, incisal/occlusal
- vertically= mesial, middle, distal
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Root thirds
horizontally= cervical, middle, apical
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Describe the naming sequence
- mesial precedes distal - mesiodistal
- mesial and distal precede all other terms
- labial, buccal, lingual, follow mesial and distal, but precede incisal and occlusal
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