language of Anatomy/intro to medical imaging

the position in which the person faces forward with palms facing up and feet forward and the same position from behind

• toward head (a  brain makes you superior)
• toward feet (inferior means you are below others)

• superior
• inferior
• anterior
• posterior
• medial 
• lateral
• proximal
• distal

• toward the front of body (ventral)
• toward back of body (dorsal)

• toward midline of the body
• away from midline of body

• close to the origin of the point of attachment
• away from the origin of the point of attatchment

• toward or at the surface of the body
• away from the surface deep inside

• palmar
• dorsal

• sole
• dorsal

• facing up (superman upside down)
• face down (ass up)
• laying on side (decubitus aka recumbent)

paired structures that have a left and right

structures only located on one side

structures located on the same side of body (left leg, left arm)

• structures on opposite side of the body
• (left leg, right leg)

• supine
• prone
• lateral recumbent

• bilateral
• unilateral
• ipsilateral
• contralateral

• flexion
• extension

• movement that decreases the angle between body parts
• could also refer to the spine and bending forward

• refers to the movement that increases the angle between two body parts
• refers to bending backwards from a standing position

rotation toward the midline of the body (grab door (stomach) and close it)

• rotation away from the midline
• (turn the knob and open the door)

• elevation
• depression
• circumduction`

refers to movement in superior direction (shrug shoulders)

refers to the movement in the inferior direction (slouched shoulders)

• refers to the movement in a circle
• (swing arm in big circle)

• transverse plane
• coronal plane
• sagittal plane

• horizontal plane 
• cuts body in half separating superior and inferior

• vertically oriented 
• divides body into anterior and posterior

• vertically oriented
• divides body into left and right parts
• (down the middle)

• carry blood away from heart (take HE away from the heart)
• carry blood toward heart (vain is all about you, everything comes back to you)

veins carry O2 deoxy blood to the heart from the capillary bed to tributaries (small to larger tubes) which contributes to larger veins

junction of 2 or more arteries or veins

• assists in draining tissue fluid and leaked plasma proteins from blood
• removes debris from cellular breakdown and infection
• regulates the solution that bathes the surrounding cells (interstitial fluid)

• decide if imaging study is needed
• helps radiologist determine if the study order is appropriate for the issue
• helps radiologist answer the question of the requester
• context for radiologist to use to interpret study

• radiography - I
• computed tomography - I
• nuclear medicine - I
• ultrasonography - NI
• MRI - NI
• angiography - maybe
• interventional radiology - maybe

• fluoroscopy
• mammography
• computer tomography (CT)

CT angiography

• single photo emission tomography (SPECT)
• positron emission tomography (PET)

Doppler ultrasound

• MR angiography
• MR spectroscopy

• radiation that has enough energy to remove charged particles from atoms creating ions
• (occurs in the gamma ray of the spectrum)
• (can damage human cells leading to cancer and gene mutations)

• linear extrapolation
• threshold theory
• hermetic theory

• used to determine the amount of risk of the radiation exposure
• assumes all radiation is harmful but not as harmful if in small amounts

assumes there is a threshold in which radiation does become harmful  but small doses are not

small doses of radiation are beneficial until a threshold is passed

**orient transverse images as if we are standing at foot of bed looking toward the head  no matter images obtained***

**our left their right vice versa**