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superior
toward the head end of the body; upper (example, the hand is part of the superior extremity).
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Inferior
away from the head; lower (example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity).
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Anterior/ventral
front (example, the kneecap is located on the anterior side of the leg).
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Posterior/dorsal
back (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body).
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Medial
toward the midline of the body (example, the middle toe is located at the medial side of the foot).
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Lateral
away from the midline of the body (example, the little toe is located at the lateral side of the foot).
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Proximal
toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part (example, the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic bone).
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Distal
away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part (example, the hand is located at the distal end of the forearm).
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Superficial
Close to the surface of the body
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Deep
Away from the surface of the body
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Midline
An imaginary vertical line that divides the body equally (right down the middle
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oral
pertaining to the mouth
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orbital
pertaining to the eye (occulus)
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buccal
pertaining to the cheek
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cervical
pertaining to the neck
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thoracic
pertaining to the chest (thorax)
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axillary
pertaining to the armpit
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brachial
pertaining to the arm
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antecubital
inside/front of elbow
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umbilical
pertaining to the bellybutton (navel)
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abdominal
pertaining to the abdomen
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inguinal
pertaining to the groin
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femoral
pertaining to the femur (thigh)
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pubic
pertaining to the pubis (sex organs)
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patellar
pertaining to the patella (kneecap)
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digital
pertaining to the phalanges (fingers)
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lumbar
pertaining to the lower middle back
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occipital
pertaining to the back of head
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gluteal
pertaining to the buttocks
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scapular
relating to the shoulder or shoulder blade
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popliteal
pertaining to the back of the knee
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sural
pertaining to the calf
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calcaneal
pertaining to the heel of the foot
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axial
head, neck, and trunk
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appendicular
upper and lower limbs
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sagital plane
divides body into left and right sides
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frontal plane
divides body into front and back portions
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transverse plane
divides body into head and tail portions
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what are the abdominopelvic quadrants?
- left upper quadrant, right upper quadrant, left lower quadrant, right lower quadrant
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what are the abdominopelvic reigons?
- left hypochondriac, epigastric, right hypochondriac, left lumbar, umbilical, right lumbar, left iliac, hypogastric, right iliac
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what is encompassed in the dorsal cavity?
the cranial (brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord)
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what is encompassed in the ventral cavity?
the thoracic cavity (heart and lungs) and abdominopelvic cavity
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what is encompassed in the pelvic cavity?
rectum, bladder, urethra, and reproductive organs.
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name the organs in the upper region of the abdominal cavity
- Left hypochondriac- stomach and spleen
- gastric- esophagus and stomach
- right hypochondriac- liver and gallbladder
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name the organs in the middle region of the abdominial cavity
- left lumbar- small intestine, descending colon, and kidney
- umbilical- stomach, pancreas, and small intestine
- right lumbar- ascending colon, small intestine, and kidney
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name the organs in the lower reigion of the abdominal cavity
- left iliac- sigmoid colon, ovary, uterine tube
- hypogastric- small intestie and bladder
- right iliac- appendix, ovary, and uterine tube
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name the organs in each quadrant
- right upper- liver and gallbladder
- left upper- spleen and stomach
- right lower- appendix, right ovary, and uterine tube
- left lower- sigmoid colon, left ovary, and uterine tube
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