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What does hypervolemia indicate?
- too much fluid in the vascular space
- (arteries, veins, caps, chambers, tissues
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What are the causes of hypervolemia
- 1. heart failure= weak heart, ↓CO, ↓UO, ↓kidney perfusion
- 2. renal failure= kidneys not working
- 3. lots of Na=soluble meds, canned/processed food, IVF w/Na
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What regulates fluid volume?
Aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
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What is aldosterone and where is it found?
- works by decreasing volume
- it is a steroid and mineralcorticoid
- found in the adrenal glands
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What is the action of aldosterone?
blood volume gets low=aldosterone secretion ↑= retain Na/H2O= ↑blood volume
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What are 2 disease with too much aldosterone?
Cushing's and Cohn's
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What is the disease with too little aldosterone?
Addison's disease
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What is the action of ANP and where is it found?
- works by decreasing volume
- sectretes Na/H2O
- found in the atria of the heart
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What is the action of ADHand where is it found?
- makes you retain water
- found in the pituitary gland
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What are the 2 problems with ADH?
SIADH and DI
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What is SIADH
- retain water (fluid excess)
- too many letter=too much water
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In SIADH how is the blood and urine?
- blood is diluted
- urine is concentrated
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What is DI?
- secretes water (fluid depletion)
- DIurese
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How is the blood and urine in DI?
- blood is concentrated
- urine is diluted
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What goes up/down when things are concentrated/diluted?
- urine SG, Na, HCT
- Concentrated= up
- Diluted=down
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An increase in what can cause problems with ADH?
ICP
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What is another name for ADH?
vasopressin or desmopressin
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SxS of fluid excess
- distended neck veins
- peripheral edema (3rd spacing)
- crackles, SOB
- polyuria-kidneys help diurese
- high BP because of high pressure/volume
- weight increase
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