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topographic
study of parts in their relation to surrounding parts (mapping things out) how things are related to neighboring parts
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homologic
study of related parts of the body with different animals
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comparative
comparing of the different structures of different animals and plants with another
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clinical
clinical practice (nursing, pt, ot)
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environmental physiology
how we respond to environment (mining, space, high elevation..)
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evolutionary physiology
how we change over generations
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comparative physiology
diversity of various organisms
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sports physiology
function during sport
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exercise physiology
function of body during exercise
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organ physiology
specific organs in the body
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radiographic
study via x-ray
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homeostasis
- maintanence of a relatively stable internal environment despite continuous outsie changes
- survivial: nutrition, oxygen, water, body temp, atmospheric pressure
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homeostatic imbalance
- disturbance of homeostasis
- increases risk of disease
- contributes to changes associated with aging
- may allow destructive positive feedback mechanisms to take over (heart failure)
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positive feedback
- the response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
- one system speeds up (stimulates) another system to go faster
- may exhibit cascade or amplifying effect ex. oxytocin
- enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin
- platelet plug formation and blood clotting
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negative feedback
output of a system opposes changes to the input of another system
- ex. regulation of blood volume by ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
- receptors sense decreased blood volume
- control center in hypothalamus stimulates pitituary gland to release ADH
- ADH causes kidneys (effectors) to return more water to the blood
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