ch 2.txt

• provide most of energy for life, include sugars, starches, glycogen
• function as food reservoirs (ie: glucose in liver)
• can be mono, di or polysaccharides

• pentose sugars - deoxyribose and ribose (deoxy has no OH on one of its carbons, just H)
• hexoses - glucose, fructose, galactose (6 carbon chains with different arrangements)

combine 2 monosaccharides through dehydration (water lost) and bond is formed

• sucrose = glucose + fructose
• maltose = glucose + glucose
• lactose = glucose + galactose

• combine with proteins for transport in blood
• have FEW POLAR covalent bonds, hydrophobic, mostly insoluble in H2O

• most plentiful in body, provides insulation and protection and ENERGY
• excess stored in adipose tissue

• important membrane components - make up phospholipid bilayer - ampipathic
• non-polar tail (fatty acid chain) and polar head (phosphate group and glycerol)

cholesterol - have 4 RINGS, include sex hormones, bile salts and some vitamins

• formed by amino acids, with a peptide bond
• 2 amino acids with one peptide bond form a dipeptide
• polypeptide is multiple amino acids with peptide bonds

50 amino acids, so 49 peptide bonds

organic molecules with carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and phosphorous

DNA - has a deoxyribose (pentose) sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group

relays the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome where the information is translated into a set of amino acids that form proteins

contains the genetic information of each cell that determine many of the activities and functions

ATP synthase (an enzyme) catalyzes the addition of a phosphate to ADP (adenosine di-phosphate becomes adenosine triphosphate)

1 glucose molecule can be used as energy to create 36-38 ATP through aerobic respiration (also anaerobic, but not as much ATP during this)