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The layer that contracts to churn food or move food along
Muscularis
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Layer consisting of a membrane that lines a body cavity that opens to the exterior; overlays smooth muscle.
Mucosa
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Areolar connective tissue layer located deep to the mucosa
Submucosa
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Its only function is propulsion
Pharynx, Esophagus
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A continuous digestive tube from the mouth to the anus
Alimentary Canal
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Conducts both air and food
Pharynx
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Primary site of nutrient absorption; is composed of 3 sections
Small Intestine
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Section of small intestine that receives bile, pancreatic secretions, and food from the stomach
Duodenum
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Churns food and begins protein digestion
Stomach
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Has 2 sphincters that control elimination of feces from the body
Anus
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Has regions called the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal
Large Intestine
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Has regions called the cardia, fundus, body, and pyloris
Stomach
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Receives secretions from salivary glands; mastication occurs here
Mouth
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Finger-like extensions increasing surface area in the small intestine
Villi
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Folds in the gastric mucosa
Rugae
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Permanent deep ridges in the small intestine mucosa
Plica Circularis
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Sphincter valve between the stomach and duodenum
Pyloric Valve
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Serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs
Visceral Peritoneum
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Serous membrane that lines the abdominal wall
Parietal Peritoneum
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Sphincter that connects the small and large intestine
Ileocecal Sphinter
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Fluid that begins digestion of carbohydrates
Saliva
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Bony plate between the mouth and nose
Hard Palate
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Forms a brush border; extension of the epithelial cells
Microvilli
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Keeps food and fluids from going up into the nasopharynx
Soft Palate
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Area between lips and teeth
Vestibule
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Region of the stomach where the lower esophageal sphincter meets the stomach
Cardia
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Has regions called ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
Colon
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Narrowed region of the stomach before the small intestine
Pyloric Canal
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A series of gathered pouches in the large intestine
Haustra
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Mechanically breaks up food during mastication
Teeth
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Secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
Pancreas
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Salivary glands located under the tongue with ducts that open in the floor of the mouth
Sublingual Glands
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Produces and secretes bile into ducts
Liver
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Peritoneal membrane that holds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
Mesentery
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The secretions of this gland join with bile to enter the duodenum
Pancreas
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Peritoneal fold that holds the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
Falciform Ligament
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Manipulates food in mastication
Tongue
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Fatty, large fold of the peritoneum covering the transverse colon and small intestine
Greater Omentum
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Largest salivary glands whose ducts open by the upper second molars
Parotid Glands
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Stores and secretes bile into the duodenum
Gallbladder
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Peritoneal membrane that attaches the stomach and duodenum to the liver
Lesser Omentum
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Salivary glands whose ducts open lateral to the lingual frenulum
Submandibular Glands
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Trace bile from its secretion to the gallbladder, the to the duodenum
Hepatocytes -> Bile Canaliculus -> Bile Duct -> R or L Hepatic Duct -> Common Hepatic Duct -> Cystic Duct -> Gallbladder -> Cystic Duct -> Common Bile Duct -> Hepatopancreatic Ampulla -> Duodenum
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Trace blood from the Hepatic portal vein, through the liver, to the interior vena cava
Hepatic Portal Vein -> Branches of the Hepatic Portal Vein -> Sinusoids -> Central Vein -> Hepatic Vein -> Interior Vena Cava
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