Chapter 4

twice, double, two

hernia, tumor, swelling

bad, difficult, or painful

fascia, fibrous band

fibrous tissue, fiber

abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium

pertaining to

movement

muscle

paralysis, stroke

rupture

coordination, order

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

tone, stretching, tension

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

Extreme slowness in movement

Inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then create pressure on the median nerve

A debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity

The circular movement at the far end of a limb

The permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues

Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

The study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

A specialist who works under a physician's supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

Inflammation of a fascia

A debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms

A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

The protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it

Abnormally increased motor function or activity; also known as hyperactivity

A condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

Inflammed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

The point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

The herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

The quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

A specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome

The degeneration of muscle tissue

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis

Surgical suturing of a muscle

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

Slanted or at an angle

The point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton

The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running

A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

The act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

Paralysis of all four extremities

The loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging

A painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone)

Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; also known as hiccups

A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

An injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

The suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

The release of a tendon from adhesions

The surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

A surgical incision into a tendon

• A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
• also known as wryneck

In a crosswise direction